Q2 Summative Test #1 Flashcards
Definition of Migration
The movement of a person or people from one country, locality, place of residence, etc., to settle in another
Definition of Brain Drain
The moving of a highly skilled individual from their home country to another, often leaving the home country with a loss of talent.
Definition of Diaspora
Dispersion of various people from country to different countries around the world.
Difference between Emigrant and Immigrant
The perspective of movement
Emigrant: Someone who LEAVES the country to settle in a foreign country
Immigrant: Someone who ARRIVES in a foreign country to settle there permanently.
Definition of Remittance/s
Money sent back by migrant workers to support their family.
What is the meaning of pensionado?
a Philippine student whose expenses are paid by the government while he studies abroad.
What were Filipinos a part of before Spanish colonization?
A regional network of trade and migration in Southeast Asia.
Which neighboring regions did Filipinos interact with before the 16th century?
Malaysia, Indonesia, China, and India.
What activities connected Filipinos to Southeast Asia before the arrival of the Spanish?
Trade and migration.
Which period in Filipino history involves regional trade and migration in Southeast Asia?
The Pre-Colonial period, pre-16th century.
What years mark the Spanish Colonial Period in the Philippines?
1565-1898.
Which trade route connected the Philippines to the Americas during the Spanish Colonial Period?
The Manila-Acapulco Galleon Trade.
Who primarily traveled from the Philippines to Mexico and other Spanish territories?
few Filipinos, primarily as crew members.
What significant trade route facilitated exchange between the Philippines and the Americas in the colonial period?
The Manila-Acapulco Galleon Trade.
What was a notable feature of Filipino migration during the Spanish Colonial Period?
Migration was limited, but it marked early Filipino presence in foreign territories like Mexico.
What years define the American Colonial Period in the Philippines?
1898-1946.
How did the United States gain control of the Philippines?
Following the Spanish-American War.
What major change in Filipino migration occurred during the American Colonial Period?
Filipinos began migrating in larger numbers to the U.S. for work.
In which industries did Filipino migrants primarily work in the U.S. during the American Colonial Period?
Agriculture and service industries.
Where did many Filipinos settle in the U.S. during the American Colonial Period?
Hawaii, California, and Alaska.
What was the term for Filipino workers who worked in sugar plantations during this period?
Sakada.
What years define the Post-Independence Migration period for the Philippines?
1946-1970s.
What was a major trend in Filipino migration after Philippine independence in 1946?
Continued migration to the U.S., especially under programs allowing Filipinos to join the U.S. military.
Which Filipino professionals began migrating to the U.S. after independence?
Nurses, teachers, and other skilled professionals.
Why did Filipino migration to the U.S. increase after 1946?
Due to programs that allowed Filipinos to work in skilled labor as the demand for such workers rose in the postwar period.
What was the Labor Export Policy (LEP) introduced in the 1970s?
A policy under the Marcos administration to encourage overseas employment to reduce domestic unemployment and generate remittances.
Why was the Labor Export Policy (LEP) implemented in the Philippines?
To address economic challenges, reduce unemployment, and gain economic benefits from remittances.
Which region became a key destination for Filipino workers due to the Labor Export Policy?
The Middle East, especially with the boom in the oil industry.
What was the primary purpose of the Labor Export Policy under Martial Law?
To systematically manage the outflow of Filipino workers to address joblessness and economic issues at home.
What period marked the rise of Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) and the expansion of Filipino migration?
1980s-1990s.
Beyond the Middle East, which regions did Filipino migration expand to in the 1980s and 1990s?
East Asia (Hong Kong, Japan, Taiwan), Europe, and North America.
When did the term “Overseas Filipino Worker” (OFW) become widely used?
During the 1980s-1990s.
Which Philippine government institution was strengthened to support the welfare of OFWs?
The Overseas Workers Welfare Administration (OWWA).
What role did the Overseas Workers Welfare Administration (OWWA) play for OFWs?
It provided welfare support and assistance to Filipino migrant workers.
How did the Philippine government respond to the increasing number of OFWs in the 1980s and 1990s?
By strengthening institutions like OWWA to better support the welfare of migrant workers.
Who was Flor Contemplacion?
A Filipina domestic worker in Singapore whose execution in 1995 sparked a national outcry in the Philippines.
What year was Flor Contemplacion executed?
1995.
How did Flor Contemplacion’s case affect public opinion in the Philippines?
It sparked national outrage and highlighted the need for stronger protection for Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs).
What impact did Flor Contemplacion’s execution have on Philippine policies?
It led to reforms in migrant welfare policies and a greater emphasis on protecting Filipino workers abroad.
What was a key outcome of the national response to Flor Contemplacion’s execution?
Strengthened policies and programs to support and protect OFWs, ensuring their rights and welfare abroad.
Which types of Filipino professionals saw a rise in migration during the 2000s?
Nurses, healthcare workers, and IT professionals.
What were some of the main destinations for Filipino professionals in the 2000s-2010s?
The United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom.
Why did countries like the United States, Canada, and the UK attract Filipino professionals?
These countries faced labor shortages in sectors like healthcare and IT, creating demand for skilled workers.
What term describes the significant emigration of skilled professionals from the Philippines?
“Brain drain.”
What is “brain drain” in the context of Filipino migration?
The loss of skilled professionals from the Philippines due to their migration to other countries for better opportunities.
How did global labor shortages in certain fields affect Filipino migration trends in the early 2000s?
They increased the demand for Filipino healthcare and IT professionals abroad, leading to more migration.
Which recent global events impacted Filipino migration in 2022-2023?
The COVID-19 pandemic and economic fluctuations.
How did the COVID-19 pandemic initially affect Filipino migration?
It slowed down migration due to travel restrictions and health concerns.
Despite slowed migration during the pandemic, what remained critical for the Philippine economy?
Remittances from Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs).
How has the Philippine government responded to the challenges faced by OFWs during global crises?
By continuing efforts to support OFWs, recognizing their essential role in the country’s resilience.
Why are OFWs considered vital to the Philippines’ national resilience?
Because their remittances provide financial stability and support for the Philippine economy, especially during global crises.
What does the sustained importance of OFWs during crises highlight about their role?
It underscores their economic importance and the need for ongoing government support to protect and aid Filipino workers abroad.
Which regions have seen an increase in OFW migration in recent years?
East Asia (including South Korea and Japan) and Europe.
What types of jobs are in demand for Filipino workers in East Asia and Europe?
Caregiving, healthcare, and hospitality.
What significant step did the Philippines take in 2022 to support OFWs?
The creation of the Department of Migrant Workers (DMW).w
Why has there been a diversification in OFW destinations?
Due to new demand for Filipino workers in various sectors, particularly in caregiving, healthcare, and hospitality in East Asia and Europe.
How does the establishment of the DMW reflect the Philippines’ approach to migration?
It shows a commitment to enhancing migration policies and providing better support and protection for OFWs.
