Q2: Lesson 1 | Rocks and Minerals Flashcards
dominated by Fe,
Mg, Ca, Al, SiO2
mafic
silica and oxygen,
aluminum, and
potassium
felsic
glassy looking, transparent or
translucent mineral which
varies in color from white and
grey to smoky
quartz
is hard -
it can easily scratch a steel knife
blade
quartz
grains are irregular in shape
because quartz does not have
a cleavage
quartz
Instead of being glassy like
quartz, it is generally dull to
opaque with a porcelain-like
appearance.
feldspar
Colour varies from
red, pink, and white
(orthoclase) to green, grey and
white (plagioclase).
feldspar
The
grains, in contrast to quartz,
often have straight edges and
flat rectangular faces, some of
which meet at right angles.
feldspar
They cleave
or break along flat faces
feldspar
peels into many thin flat
smooth sheets or flakes.
mica
may be white and pearly
(muscovite) or dark and
shiny (biotite).
mica
white version of mica
muscovite
dark version of mica
biotite
The most common pyroxene
mineral is
augite
is
generally dark green to
black in colour and forms
short, stubby crystals
which, if you look at an end-
on section, have square or
rectangular cross-sections.
augite
are generally
longer, thinner and
shinier than augite
and the mineral
cross-sections are
diamond-shaped.
hornblende crystals
is yellow-
green, translucent and
glassy looking
olivine
Crystals are
not common; it usually
occurs as rounded grains in
igneous rocks or as granular
masses
olivine
Aggregate of various
types of minerals or
individual grains of
the same kind of
mineral
rocks
Molten rock material
cools and solidifies
igneous rocks
are a product of the
surface processes of the
earth such as weathering
& erosion
sedimentary rocks
composed of
fragments of
other rocks
(igneous,
metamorphic,
sedimentary)
clastic
form by inorganic
or organically
mediated mineral
precipitation
chemical and organic
Changes
form due to
enormous
heat and
pressure
metamorphic rocks
