Q2

Question 1

Personality

Answer 1

the psychological qualities that bring continuity to an individuals behavior in different situations at different times
nature vs nurture

Question 2

Psychodynamic theory

Answer 2

Id (unconscious motives) + eros -> create & thanatos -> destory
Ego (preconscious) = rational part of mind
Superego (preconscious) = values and morals -> ego ideal

Question 3

Humanistic theory

Answer 3

“people are naturally driven to self actualization”

once basic needs are met people thrive toward creativity and development of strengths

Question 4

Social-cognitive theory

Answer 4

Bandura: personality is shaped by interations (reciprocal determinism)

person: cognition/observation such as sports
behavior: interacting with people that like sports
environment: gym

Question 5

traits

Answer 5

personality can be described in terms of patterns
stable personality characteristics within the individual, guiding his or her thoughts, emotions and actions under various conditions

Question 6

Five factor theory

Answer 6

a trait perspective suggesting that personality is composed of five fundamental personality dimensions

Question 7

Big five traits

Answer 7

Openness to experience 
Conscientiousness
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism

Question 8

What theories do people use to understand eachotherr?

Answer 8

Implicit personality theories

Question 9

Fundamental attribution error

Answer 9

can lead to self-serving bias

Question 10

stressor

Answer 10

physical or psychologically challenging event

stimulus

Question 11

strain

Answer 11

physical & psychological response on challenging or threatening situation

Question 12

stress

Answer 12

perceived discrepency between physical or psychological or social systems
load is experienced as higher than load ability

Question 13

Primary appraisal (assesment)

Answer 13

defines how you feel about the situation

stressful events than receive further appraisal

Question 14

Secondary appraisal

Answer 14

assesment of the resources available for coping w/ a stressful event

Question 15

coping

Answer 15

process in which people try to manage the real/experienced difference between demands and resources which they appraise
emotions focused vs problem focused

Question 16

Which psychosocial factors can affect stress?

Answer 16

Social support, personal control and hardiness

Question 17

buffering hypothesis

Answer 17

support is most helpful when you have a lot of stress

Question 18

direct effect hypothesis

Answer 18

when you have high stress but low social support you feel more stress

Question 19

buffering

Answer 19

support modifies the negative effect of high levels of stress

Question 20

direct effect

Answer 20

health benefits of supports occur regardless of amount of stress

Question 21

learned helplessness

Answer 21

a condition of apathy or inactivity that results from repeated experiences with unavoidable stress

Question 22

lack of personal control can lead to:

Answer 22

internal/external, stable/unstable, global/specific attribution

Question 23

hardiness

Answer 23

control, commitment and challenge

Question 24

pain

Answer 24

an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage or described in terms of damage
dimensions: acute vs chronic, organic vs psychogenic

Question 25

gate control theory: conditions that open gate

Answer 25

injury, anxiety, tension, depression

Question 26

gate control theory: conditions that close gate

Answer 26

medication, counter stimulation, positive emotions, relaxation

Question 27

loeser model of pain

Answer 27

pain behaviour, suffering, pain, nociception

Question 28

neuromatrix theory

Answer 28

by Melzack
builds on gate theory
explains the experience of pain in the absence of stimulation from nociceptors

Question 29

lay referral network

Answer 29

consists of friends, family, and others in a person’s social context that may influence an individual’s response to symptoms or perceived health threats

Question 30

common sense model

Answer 30

identity, cause, timeline, consequence, treatment control, personal control

Question 31

3 stages in delaying medical treatment

Answer 31

notice symptoms to am i ill? = appraisal delay
do i need profession help? = illness delay
is it worth the cost? = utilization delay

Question 32

learning

Answer 32

process through which experience produces a lasting change in behavior or mental processes

Question 33

behavioral learning

Answer 33

classical and operant conditioning

Question 34

cognitive learning

Answer 34

insight learning, cognitive maps, observational learnin

Question 35

classical conditioning

Answer 35

basic form of learning a stimulus produces a reflex becomes associated with a previously neutral stimulus which produces the same response

Question 36

operant conditioning

Answer 36

the consequence of the behavior (rewards/punishment) influence the chance that the behavior will occur again/disappear

Question 37

insight learning

Answer 37

problem solving