Q2 Flashcards
Personality
the psychological qualities that bring continuity to an individuals behavior in different situations at different times
nature vs nurture
Psychodynamic theory
Id (unconscious motives) + eros -> create & thanatos -> destory
Ego (preconscious) = rational part of mind
Superego (preconscious) = values and morals -> ego ideal
Humanistic theory
“people are naturally driven to self actualization”
once basic needs are met people thrive toward creativity and development of strengths
Social-cognitive theory
Bandura: personality is shaped by interations (reciprocal determinism)
person: cognition/observation such as sports
behavior: interacting with people that like sports
environment: gym
traits
personality can be described in terms of patterns
stable personality characteristics within the individual, guiding his or her thoughts, emotions and actions under various conditions
Five factor theory
a trait perspective suggesting that personality is composed of five fundamental personality dimensions
Big five traits
Openness to experience Conscientiousness Extraversion Agreeableness Neuroticism
What theories do people use to understand eachotherr?
Implicit personality theories
Fundamental attribution error
can lead to self-serving bias
stressor
physical or psychologically challenging event
stimulus
strain
physical & psychological response on challenging or threatening situation
stress
perceived discrepency between physical or psychological or social systems
load is experienced as higher than load ability
Primary appraisal (assesment)
defines how you feel about the situation
stressful events than receive further appraisal
Secondary appraisal
assesment of the resources available for coping w/ a stressful event
coping
process in which people try to manage the real/experienced difference between demands and resources which they appraise
emotions focused vs problem focused
Which psychosocial factors can affect stress?
Social support, personal control and hardiness
buffering hypothesis
support is most helpful when you have a lot of stress
direct effect hypothesis
when you have high stress but low social support you feel more stress
buffering
support modifies the negative effect of high levels of stress
direct effect
health benefits of supports occur regardless of amount of stress
learned helplessness
a condition of apathy or inactivity that results from repeated experiences with unavoidable stress
lack of personal control can lead to:
internal/external, stable/unstable, global/specific attribution
hardiness
control, commitment and challenge
pain
an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage or described in terms of damage
dimensions: acute vs chronic, organic vs psychogenic
gate control theory: conditions that open gate
injury, anxiety, tension, depression
gate control theory: conditions that close gate
medication, counter stimulation, positive emotions, relaxation
loeser model of pain
pain behaviour, suffering, pain, nociception
neuromatrix theory
by Melzack
builds on gate theory
explains the experience of pain in the absence of stimulation from nociceptors
lay referral network
consists of friends, family, and others in a person’s social context that may influence an individual’s response to symptoms or perceived health threats
common sense model
identity, cause, timeline, consequence, treatment control, personal control
3 stages in delaying medical treatment
notice symptoms to am i ill? = appraisal delay
do i need profession help? = illness delay
is it worth the cost? = utilization delay
learning
process through which experience produces a lasting change in behavior or mental processes
behavioral learning
classical and operant conditioning
cognitive learning
insight learning, cognitive maps, observational learnin
classical conditioning
basic form of learning a stimulus produces a reflex becomes associated with a previously neutral stimulus which produces the same response
operant conditioning
the consequence of the behavior (rewards/punishment) influence the chance that the behavior will occur again/disappear
insight learning
problem solving
