q1 exam

Question 1

what are 2 enlightenment thinkers?

Answer 1

Aristotle, Cicero

Question 2

Natural Rights

Answer 2

rights given by God or by nature to all. rights not given by law, but by birth.

Question 3

rule of law

Answer 3

a government of laws vs. a government of one or a few. no one is above the law

Question 4

social contract theory

Answer 4

the people (society) agree to give up some freedoms in exchange for security

Question 5

popular sovereignty

Answer 5

a government based on the consent of the governed; power is held by the people

Question 6

constitutionalism

Answer 6

the principle that a government’s powers are defined and limited in advance

Question 7

demagogue

Answer 7

a leader who uses false claims and false promises to play on the popular passions and prejudices of the people in order to gain political power.

Question 8

why was league of friendship a weakness of the articles of confederation?

Answer 8

it implied the states were independent and not united; causing conflict and distance between the states

Question 9

why was no taxation enforcement a weakness of the articles of confederation?

Answer 9

the government couldnt collect the money it needed to pay the military, leading to the cause of Shays’ Rebellion

Question 10

what is the supreme law of the land

Answer 10

the u.s. constitution

Question 11

how was the constitution written?

Answer 11

in a way that anyone could read and understand it, lawyers and nonlawyers alike

Question 12

which core principle is expressed in the words “We the People”

Answer 12

popular sovreignty

Question 13

article I

Answer 13

legislative branch- makes law

Question 14

article II

Answer 14

executive branch- enforces law

Question 15

article III

Answer 15

judicial branch- interprets law

Question 16

article V

Answer 16

outlines the amendment process

Question 17

what liberties added on with the bill of rights?

Answer 17

free speech, free press, freedom of religion, and the right to a jury trial

Question 18

what happened during the reconstruction period?

Answer 18

slavery was abolished, they wrote the delcaration of independence’s promise of freedom and equality into the constitution, and banned racial discrimination in voting

Question 19

what was the original purpose of the constitution

Answer 19

to revise the articles of confederation

Question 20

where did the convention take place

Answer 20

independence hall in Philadelphia, pennsylvania

Question 21

all 13 states except which one sent delegates

Answer 21

rhode island

Question 22

many delegates fought in _____________ ___

Answer 22

revolutionary war

Question 23

more than half delegates were _______

Answer 23

lawyers

Question 24

most of the delegates were _______ __________

Answer 24

wealthy landowners

Question 25

Virginia plan

Answer 25

proportional representation; favored by the larger states

Question 26

New Jersey Plan

Answer 26

equal representation; favored by smaller states

Question 27

Connecticut Plan (the great compromise)

Answer 27

proposed 2 houses (house of reps- proportional; senate- equal)

Question 28

house of representatives

Answer 28

house based on proportional representation

Question 29

senate

Answer 29

house based on equal representation

Question 30

electoral collage

Answer 30

agreed on method of electing the president of the united states

Question 31

3/5 compromise

Answer 31

enslaved persons would be counted as 3/5 of a person when it came to drawing up congressional districts based on each states population size

Question 32

what day was the constitution signed

Answer 32

September 17, 1787

Question 33

popular sovreignty

Answer 33

the principle that says the power of the government comes from the people

Question 34

rule of law

Answer 34

principle that says no one is above the law; we have a gov. of laws not men

Question 35

the enlightenment

Answer 35

a 18th century movement focused on intellectual, philosophical, and political thought

Question 36

unalienable rights

Answer 36

life, liberty, persuit of happiness

Question 37

object of the declaration of indpendence according to George Washington in his letter to henry knox

Answer 37

to place before mankind the common sense of the subject, in terms so plain and firm as to command their assent, and to justify ourselves in the independent stand we are compelled to take.

Question 38

according to the Declaration of independence where does the power of the government come from

Answer 38

comes from the consent of the governed

Question 39

how did king george III abuse his rule of the American people

Answer 39

imposed taxation without representation, violating jury trial rights, sending standing armies in times of peace

Question 40

magna carta

Answer 40

establishes that the Principles of the American Revolution would also serve as the foundation for the government of the United States

Question 41

definition of happiness

Answer 41

long-term virtue

Question 42

letters from a farmer in Pennsylvania to the inhabitants of the British colonies (1768)

Answer 42

john dickinson's response to the taxation policies of great britian

Question 43

common sense

Answer 43

written by thomas paine; helped him become one of Americas best selling authors; published in 1766

Question 44

what was the framers goal of the constitution

Answer 44

create balance between national and state governments, three branches of national government, and a stronger national government and the liberties of the people

Question 45

best way to protect the unalienable rights promised by the declaration of independence, was a constitution founded on __________ __ ______

Answer 45

separation of powers

Question 46

what are the three branches of government

Answer 46

legislative, executive, juidical

Question 47

checks and balances

Answer 47

grants each branch the power to check abuses by other branches

Question 48

word used to describe the constitutions system of granting political power by dividing political power between national and state governments

Answer 48

federalism

Question 49

"The Spirit of the Laws"

Answer 49

written by Montesquieu; articulates the importance of the separation of powers

Question 50

according to Montesquieu, what happens when the legislative and executive powers are united in the same person, or in the same body of magistrates?

Answer 50

"there can be no liberty"

Question 51

definition of republic according to john adams "thoughts on government"

Answer 51

"an empire of laws and not of men"

Question 52

James Madison outlined his explanation and defense of the Constitution’s separation of powers in

Answer 52

Federalist no. 51

Question 53

According to Madison, in a good government...

Answer 53

“Ambition must be made to counteract ambition”

Question 54

what are the federalist papers?

Answer 54

a series of essays that defended the constitution and the notion of the separation of powers

Question 55

Who said "if the men were angels, no government would be necessary"?

Answer 55

James Madison

Question 56

examples of executive power jobs

Answer 56

mayor (town), governor (state), president (country)

Question 57

examples of checks and balances

Answer 57

vetoing a law, rejecting a judicial nominee, impeachment