Q1 Flashcards
psuedostratified columnar
respiratory system
simple cuboidal
surface of ovaries
simple squamous
air sacs in lungs
transitional/urothelium
bladder
simple columnar
GI tract
Stratified squamous
mouth and skin
What is the chemical composition of the lipid part of the cell membrane? What is the most common lipid?
Phospholipid (glycerol attached to 2 fatty acid tails and R group)
Most common lipid is the Phosphatidylcholine
Glycocalyx
The glycocalyx is the carbohydrate-rich region surrounding the cell. This includes phospholipids, glycoproteins and proteoglygans. It is protective of the cell and also provides recognition molecules
Where are there more proteins attached to the cell membrane? Why?
inside there is more need for regulatory receptors and enzymes
What is the localizing signal protein that allows recognition of the vesicle by the endosome?
Rab-5 send it to endosome and is recognized by surface receptor. SNARE allow it to dock
What drugs prevent polymerization of actin? What prevents it from depolymerizing?
Cytochalasins prevent polymerization and phalloidin prevents depolymerization.
What pair of structures is found at the centrosome?
A pair of centioles that are at right angles to one-another.
What is the effect of adding Taxol to a cell?
Adding Taxol caps the + ends of the MT and will result in stabilization.
What is the structure of the intermediate filament
coiled dimers (head to tail so non-polar) form tetramers. 8 joined together gives an intermediate filament
Types of intermediate filaments with location
Keratins- epithelium GFAP- glia Lamin- nucleus Vimentin- CT Desmin- skeletal muscle
How are proteins created in the cytoplasm delivered to the nucleus?
Proteins destined for the nucleus have a nuclear localization signal. This signal allows it to bind to importin. In the presence of Rab GTP protein is released from importin. Ran GTP concentration is high inside the nucleus
How is cell cycle regulated?
cyclins activated cdks, which when active phosphorylate proteins necessary for the cell cycle.
ex. cyclin S activate cdk S, which phosphorylates part of the ORC complex. This frees the ORC complex to start replication
What are “checkpoints” and when do they occur?
G1 makes sure DNA not damaged and cell environment good for growth
G2 makes sure cell is big enough and that S phase copied DNA correctly
Metaphase makes sure chromosomes have lined up in the center of the cell
p53
High levels created when DNA is damaged or with stress. When phosphorylated it reduces cell replication
What is the most important signaling protein for apoptosis
Capases
mano 6 phosphate
tags hydolyases from golgi to go to the late endosome and lysosome
ubiquitin
tags things to go to the proteosome
Where is collagen synthesized
Starts intracellularly in fibroblasts and ends extracellularly
What are the transient cells of the CT
Mast cells (anaphalactic shock) Macrophages (lots of lysosomes) Plasma cells (nucleus to one side; clock face)
