Q1 Flashcards
Study of matter, its characteristics, composition, and transformation.
CHEMISTRY
anything that occupies space and has mass.
Matter
the amount of matter.
Mass
mass dependent on gravity; acceleration due to gravity.
Weight
is the measure of the amount of occupied space.
Volume
State of matter that has a definite shape and definite volume.
Solid
State of matter that has indefinite shape (it takes the shape of its container), and a definite volume.
Liquid
State of matter that has indefinite shape and indefinite volume (assumes the shape and volume of its container).
Gas
What is the particle motion of solid matter?
intact; vibrates only due to its compactness
What is the particle motion of liquid matter?
has space; particles flows through each other
What is the particle motion of gas matter?
particles are apart from each other; moves fast
ratio of the mass of an object to the volume occupied by that object.
Density
is a measure of the change in volume of a sample of matter resulting from a pressure change.
Compressibility
is a measure of the change in volume of a sample of matter resulting from a temperature change.
Thermal expansion
illustrates the composition of matter
Space filling model
distinguishing characteristic that is used in the identification and description of matter
Property of matter
observable characteristics without changing composition (ex: color and shape; solid, liquid, or gas; boiling point, melting point)
Physical property
not dependent on mass (ex: boiling point, color, temperature, luster, hardness).
Intensive properties
Intensive or extensive: Boiling point
Intensive
Intensive or extensive: Color
Intensive
Intensive or extensive: Temperature
Intensive
Intensive or extensive: Luster
Intensive
Intensive or extensive: Hardness
Intensive
Intensive or extensive: Volume
Extensive
Intensive or extensive: Mass
Extensive
Intensive or extensive: Size
Extensive
Intensive or extensive: Length
Extensive
changes observable without changing composition (ex; changes in physical state: melting, boiling, freezing; change in state of subdivision with no change in physical state (ex: pulverizing a solid).
PHYSICAL CHANGE
chemical identity; properties that describe how a substance changes (or resists change) to form a new substance
Chemical property
changes in which one or more new substances are formed (ex: decomposition, reaction with another substance).
Chemical change
Physical or chemical property: Boiling point
Physical
Physical or chemical property: Phase (solid, liquid, gas)
Physical
Physical or chemical property: Color
Physical
Physical or chemical property: Flammability
Chemical
Physical or chemical property: Decomposition
Chemical
a single kind of matter that cannot be separated into other kinds of matter by physical means. always has a definite and constant composition and has the same properties under the same condition.
Pure Substances
a pure substance that is composed of only one kind of atom. Cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical or physical means.
Element
a pure substance that is composed of two or more different kinds of atoms. Can be broken down into constituent elements by chemical, but not physical means.
Compound
Physical combination of 2 or more substances; each substance retains its chemical identity. Can be physically mixed, physically separated.
Mixtures
Contains only one visible distinct part (phase) which has uniform properties throughout. The components cannot be visually distinguished.
Homogenous Mixture
Contains visibly different distinct parts (phases), each of which has different properties. A nonuniform appearance is a characteristic of this type.
Heterogenous Mixture
have particles bigger than of a solution but smaller than of suspension. Particles are distributed throughout the mixture without settling.
Colloids or colloidal dispersion
have particles bigger than of colloids which eventually settle after interacting with a solvent-like phase. (ex: mud & mustard)
Suspensions
Who is the proponent of the Atomic Theory?
John Dalton
Atomic theory #1
Each element is composed of extremely small particles called atoms.
Atomic theory #2
All atoms of a given element are identical, but the atoms of one element are different from the atoms of all other elements.