Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Gastrointestinal > Q-bank > Flashcards

Q-bank Flashcards

1
Q

Where does 99-Technitium stain?

A

Gastric mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which serologic markers become Negative during the “window period” in Hep B infection?

A

HBsAg and HBsAb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the most common cause of inflammatory diarrhea in the US?

A

Campylobacter jejuni

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How is Campylobacter. jejuni normally transmitted?

A

Fecal-oral, contaminated poultry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the action of the diaphragm during vomiting?

A

Contraction of diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The Splenic artery and vein are contained in which peritoneal structure?

A

Splenorenal ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which anastomoses exist to prevent infarction of foregut organs if the Celiac trunk becomes occluded?

A

Sup. Pancreaticoduodenal (Celiac) and Inf. Pancreaticoduodenal (SMA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Is the spleen a foregut structure?

A

No! It is supplied by the Celiac Artery, but NOT a forget stx. It is mesoderm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What kinds of bile acids are recycled in Enterohepatic system?

A

Primary Bile acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which salivary gland has the most mucin-secreting cells?

A

Sublingual gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where are G-cells (Gastrin-secreting) found?

A

Antrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where are I-cells (CCK-secreting) found?

A

Duodenum and jejunum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does Secretin do?

A

Stimulates Pancreas to release HCO3- and Inhibits gastric H+ production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where is Secretin secreted?

A

Secreted in the duodenum in response to H+ and FA entering duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which ligament should you cut to gain access to Head of pancreas?

A

Gastrohepatic ligament (Right)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which ligament should you cut to gain access to Body and Tail of pancreas?

A

Gastrosplenic ligament (Left)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Ligation of which ligament would affect gallbladder blood supply?

A

Hepaoduodenal ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The Cystic Artery is a branch of which artery?

A

Right Hepatic Artery (branch of common hepatic artery)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where is the most common place to have a volvulus in an elderly person?

A

Sigmoid Colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Criger-Najjar Syndrome

A

Complete lack of UGP-glucuronosyltransferase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How does CCK affect gastric emptying?

A

CCK decreases gastric emptying

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the most common predisposing factors for Acute Pancreatitis?

A

Alcohol and Gallstones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How will Cirrhosis look on histology?

A

Fibrosis and disorganized hepatic parenchyma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How does Pancreatic Cancer often present?

A

Epigastric pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Which apolipoprotein turns on Lipoprotein Lipase?

A

Apo-CII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the most common cause of GI obstruction in children 3mts-6yrs?

A

Intussusception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Describe how Entamoeba look.

A

Have ingested RBCs, nuclei w/ central karyosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Describe how Giardia look.

A

“Face-like” appearance or “Crescent-shaped”

29
Q

Which nerve controls Internal Anal Sphincter relaxation and the urge to defecate?

A

Pelvic Nerve

30
Q

In Menetrier Disease, you get hypertrophy/atrophy of which cells?

A

Hypertrophy of mucous-secreting cells and Atrophy of Parietal cells

31
Q

Reye Syndrome is caused by alteration of which organelle?

A

Mitochondria

32
Q

Plummer-Vinson Syndrome leads to increased risk for what?

A

Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

33
Q

Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis is associated w/ which disease?

A

Ulcerative colitis

34
Q

List some risk factors for Gastric Adenocarcinoma.

A

Achlorhydria, Pernicious Anemia, H.Pylori, nitrosamines, chronic gastritis

35
Q

How does Lactulose help to treat Hepatic Encephalopathy?

A

It is degraded by bacteria–> more acidic–> increased conversion of NH3 to NH4+ –> less absorption of NH3.

36
Q

How does Atrophic/Chronic Gastritis cause Pernicious Anemia?

A

Replace Parietal and Chief cells w/ Goblet cells—> Decreased IF–> Pernicious anemia

37
Q

Where is CCK released from?

A

I-cells in Duodenum and Jejunum

38
Q

What stimulates CCK release?

A

Fat and amino acids

39
Q

Which hormone causes Gallbladder contraction?

A

CCK

40
Q

Are pts w/ Celiac Disease at increased risk for UC or CD?

A

NO!

41
Q

For Which cancers are Celiac pts at increased risk?

A

Intestinal Lymphoma and Breast cancer. NOT Colon cancer

42
Q

Can stones in the cystic duct or gallbladder cause jaundice?

A

NO!

43
Q

What does Charcot’s triad indicate?

A

Cholangitis (Biliary Tree infection)

44
Q

What is the mechanism for “Azole” Anti-fungals?

A

Inhibits P450-Lanosteol-14-alpha-Demethylas –> blocks conversion of lanosterol to ergosterol

45
Q

What is Courvoisier’s sign?

A

Obstructive jauncice, w/ palpable, non-tender gallbladder

46
Q

What does Courvoisier’s sign indicate?

A

Cancer at head of pancreas

47
Q

Which organs does Chagas Disease affect?

A

Heart, Esophagus, Colon

48
Q

What causes an increase in ALP?

A

Obstructive hepatobiliary disease, Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Bone Disease

49
Q

What causes GGT to increase?

A

Live and Biliary disease, assoc. w/ alcohol use, NOT elevated in Bone Disease

50
Q

How does H. pylori damage the gastric mucosa?

A

Ammonia production, due to Urease activity

51
Q

What is the most important risk factor for Angiosarcoma of the liver?

A

Vinyl chloride (Rubber industry)

52
Q

How do you treat acute “flare-ups” for Crohns Disease?

A

Corticosteroids

53
Q

Where does Urinary Urobilinogen come from?

A

Conjugated bilirubin that has been processed by gut

54
Q

Which GI drug can cause Parkinsonian effects?

A

Metoclopramide

55
Q

What is usually used to treat Traveler’s Diarrhea?

A

Fluorquinolones (Ciprofloxacin)

56
Q

90% of colorectal polyps are…..

A

Hyperplastic, non-neoplastic

57
Q

Gilbert Syndrome causes increased levels of what?

A

Unconjugated bilirubin

58
Q

How does Gilbert Syndrome usually present?

A

Asymptomatic, increased baseline unconjugated bilirubin. Jaundice during times of stress.

59
Q

Does Leukoplakia have potential to progress to malignancy?

A

Yes. ~5%

60
Q

Gastrinomas lead to increased levels of what?

A

Secretin (due to acid pH in duodenum)

61
Q

What is normally used to treat Pseudomem. Colitis?

A

Metronidazole, sometimes in combo w/ Vacomycin

62
Q

Which drug that is commonly used for H.Pylori Triple Therapy can cause Disulfram-like symptoms?

A

Metronidazole

63
Q

What medication can be used to treat Esophageal Varices?

A

Octreotide

64
Q

What kinds of medications are contraindicated in patients w/ bowel obstructions?

A

Stimulant laxatives and prokinetics that stimulate GI tract motility

65
Q

What do you measure to diagnose Carcinoid Syndrome?(

A

Urinary 5-HIAA (specific) and Serum Chromogranin (CgA, sensitive)

66
Q

How do you treat Carcinoid Syndrome (medication)?

A

Octreotide

67
Q

Which cells mediate fibrosis in Cirrhosis?

A

Stellate cells

68
Q

What is the difference b/t Hemochromatosis and Hemosiderosis?

A

Hemochromatosis: Fe-deposition
Hemosideroisis: Organ damage from deposition

69
Q

What serum marker do you use for Hepatocellular Carcinoma?

A

alpha-Fetoprotein

Gastrointestinal (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions