Q-bank

Question 1

Where does 99-Technitium stain?

Answer 1

Gastric mucosa

Question 2

Which serologic markers become Negative during the “window period” in Hep B infection?

Answer 2

HBsAg and HBsAb

Question 3

What is the most common cause of inflammatory diarrhea in the US?

Answer 3

Campylobacter jejuni

Question 4

How is Campylobacter. jejuni normally transmitted?

Answer 4

Fecal-oral, contaminated poultry

Question 5

What is the action of the diaphragm during vomiting?

Answer 5

Contraction of diaphragm

Question 6

The Splenic artery and vein are contained in which peritoneal structure?

Answer 6

Splenorenal ligament

Question 7

Which anastomoses exist to prevent infarction of foregut organs if the Celiac trunk becomes occluded?

Answer 7

Sup. Pancreaticoduodenal (Celiac) and Inf. Pancreaticoduodenal (SMA)

Question 8

Is the spleen a foregut structure?

Answer 8

No! It is supplied by the Celiac Artery, but NOT a forget stx. It is mesoderm.

Question 9

What kinds of bile acids are recycled in Enterohepatic system?

Answer 9

Primary Bile acids

Question 10

Which salivary gland has the most mucin-secreting cells?

Answer 10

Sublingual gland

Question 11

Where are G-cells (Gastrin-secreting) found?

Answer 11

Antrum

Question 12

Where are I-cells (CCK-secreting) found?

Answer 12

Duodenum and jejunum

Question 13

What does Secretin do?

Answer 13

Stimulates Pancreas to release HCO3- and Inhibits gastric H+ production

Question 14

Where is Secretin secreted?

Answer 14

Secreted in the duodenum in response to H+ and FA entering duodenum

Question 15

Which ligament should you cut to gain access to Head of pancreas?

Answer 15

Gastrohepatic ligament (Right)

Question 16

Which ligament should you cut to gain access to Body and Tail of pancreas?

Answer 16

Gastrosplenic ligament (Left)

Question 17

Ligation of which ligament would affect gallbladder blood supply?

Answer 17

Hepaoduodenal ligament

Question 18

The Cystic Artery is a branch of which artery?

Answer 18

Right Hepatic Artery (branch of common hepatic artery)

Question 19

Where is the most common place to have a volvulus in an elderly person?

Answer 19

Sigmoid Colon

Question 20

Criger-Najjar Syndrome

Answer 20

Complete lack of UGP-glucuronosyltransferase

Question 21

How does CCK affect gastric emptying?

Answer 21

CCK decreases gastric emptying

Question 22

What are the most common predisposing factors for Acute Pancreatitis?

Answer 22

Alcohol and Gallstones

Question 23

How will Cirrhosis look on histology?

Answer 23

Fibrosis and disorganized hepatic parenchyma

Question 24

How does Pancreatic Cancer often present?

Answer 24

Epigastric pain

Question 25

Which apolipoprotein turns on Lipoprotein Lipase?

Answer 25

Apo-CII

Question 26

What is the most common cause of GI obstruction in children 3mts-6yrs?

Answer 26

Intussusception

Question 27

Describe how Entamoeba look.

Answer 27

Have ingested RBCs, nuclei w/ central karyosomes

Question 28

Describe how Giardia look.

Answer 28

"Face-like" appearance or "Crescent-shaped"

Question 29

Which nerve controls Internal Anal Sphincter relaxation and the urge to defecate?

Answer 29

Pelvic Nerve

Question 30

In Menetrier Disease, you get hypertrophy/atrophy of which cells?

Answer 30

Hypertrophy of mucous-secreting cells and Atrophy of Parietal cells

Question 31

Reye Syndrome is caused by alteration of which organelle?

Answer 31

Mitochondria

Question 32

Plummer-Vinson Syndrome leads to increased risk for what?

Answer 32

Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Question 33

Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis is associated w/ which disease?

Answer 33

Ulcerative colitis

Question 34

List some risk factors for Gastric Adenocarcinoma.

Answer 34

Achlorhydria, Pernicious Anemia, H.Pylori, nitrosamines, chronic gastritis

Question 35

How does Lactulose help to treat Hepatic Encephalopathy?

Answer 35

It is degraded by bacteria--> more acidic--> increased conversion of NH3 to NH4+ --> less absorption of NH3.

Question 36

How does Atrophic/Chronic Gastritis cause Pernicious Anemia?

Answer 36

Replace Parietal and Chief cells w/ Goblet cells---> Decreased IF--> Pernicious anemia

Question 37

Where is CCK released from?

Answer 37

I-cells in Duodenum and Jejunum

Question 38

What stimulates CCK release?

Answer 38

Fat and amino acids

Question 39

Which hormone causes Gallbladder contraction?

Answer 39

CCK

Question 40

Are pts w/ Celiac Disease at increased risk for UC or CD?

Answer 40

NO!

Question 41

For Which cancers are Celiac pts at increased risk?

Answer 41

Intestinal Lymphoma and Breast cancer. NOT Colon cancer

Question 42

Can stones in the cystic duct or gallbladder cause jaundice?

Answer 42

NO!

Question 43

What does Charcot's triad indicate?

Answer 43

Cholangitis (Biliary Tree infection)

Question 44

What is the mechanism for "Azole" Anti-fungals?

Answer 44

Inhibits P450-Lanosteol-14-alpha-Demethylas --> blocks conversion of lanosterol to ergosterol

Question 45

What is Courvoisier's sign?

Answer 45

Obstructive jauncice, w/ palpable, non-tender gallbladder

Question 46

What does Courvoisier's sign indicate?

Answer 46

Cancer at head of pancreas

Question 47

Which organs does Chagas Disease affect?

Answer 47

Heart, Esophagus, Colon

Question 48

What causes an increase in ALP?

Answer 48

Obstructive hepatobiliary disease, Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Bone Disease

Question 49

What causes GGT to increase?

Answer 49

Live and Biliary disease, assoc. w/ alcohol use, NOT elevated in Bone Disease

Question 50

How does H. pylori damage the gastric mucosa?

Answer 50

Ammonia production, due to Urease activity

Question 51

What is the most important risk factor for Angiosarcoma of the liver?

Answer 51

Vinyl chloride (Rubber industry)

Question 52

How do you treat acute "flare-ups" for Crohns Disease?

Answer 52

Corticosteroids

Question 53

Where does Urinary Urobilinogen come from?

Answer 53

Conjugated bilirubin that has been processed by gut

Question 54

Which GI drug can cause Parkinsonian effects?

Answer 54

Metoclopramide

Question 55

What is usually used to treat Traveler's Diarrhea?

Answer 55

Fluorquinolones (Ciprofloxacin)

Question 56

90% of colorectal polyps are.....

Answer 56

Hyperplastic, non-neoplastic

Question 57

Gilbert Syndrome causes increased levels of what?

Answer 57

Unconjugated bilirubin

Question 58

How does Gilbert Syndrome usually present?

Answer 58

Asymptomatic, increased baseline unconjugated bilirubin. Jaundice during times of stress.

Question 59

Does Leukoplakia have potential to progress to malignancy?

Answer 59

Yes. ~5%

Question 60

Gastrinomas lead to increased levels of what?

Answer 60

Secretin (due to acid pH in duodenum)

Question 61

What is normally used to treat Pseudomem. Colitis?

Answer 61

Metronidazole, sometimes in combo w/ Vacomycin

Question 62

Which drug that is commonly used for H.Pylori Triple Therapy can cause Disulfram-like symptoms?

Answer 62

Metronidazole

Question 63

What medication can be used to treat Esophageal Varices?

Answer 63

Octreotide

Question 64

What kinds of medications are contraindicated in patients w/ bowel obstructions?

Answer 64

Stimulant laxatives and prokinetics that stimulate GI tract motility

Question 65

What do you measure to diagnose Carcinoid Syndrome?(

Answer 65

Urinary 5-HIAA (specific) and Serum Chromogranin (CgA, sensitive)

Question 66

How do you treat Carcinoid Syndrome (medication)?

Answer 66

Octreotide

Question 67

Which cells mediate fibrosis in Cirrhosis?

Answer 67

Stellate cells

Question 68

What is the difference b/t Hemochromatosis and Hemosiderosis?

Answer 68

Hemochromatosis: Fe-deposition Hemosideroisis: Organ damage from deposition

Question 69

What serum marker do you use for Hepatocellular Carcinoma?

Answer 69

alpha-Fetoprotein