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MyRisk Check-In Test > Q&As > Flashcards

Q&As Flashcards

1
Q

Overall, _____ to _____% of breast cancer is caused by an underlying genetic mutation?

2 to 4%
3 to 5%
12 to 14%
30 to 50%

A

12 to 14%

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2
Q

Germline mutations:

  • Are present from conception and therefore exist in every cell in the body
  • Cannot be passed on from generation to generation
  • Cannot be responsible for increasing disease, like cancer
  • Generally are only present within a cancer tumor
A

Are present from conception and therefore exist in every cell in the body

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3
Q

Choose the statement below that best describes familial cancer:

  • It refers to an alteration in a gene which strongly contributes to the development of cancer
  • Likely caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors
  • Occurs by chance
  • Occurs when an altered gene is passed down in the family from parent to child
A

Likely caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors

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4
Q

Each child of a BRCA 1 or BRCA 2 mutation carrier has a:

  • 25% chance of inheriting the mutation
  • 50% chance of inheriting the mutation
  • Up to 50% chance of developing breast cancer by the time she/he is 50 years old
  • Up to 87% chance of developing breast cancer in his/her lifetime
A

50% chance of inheriting the mutation

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5
Q

What Federal Legislation protects against genetic discrimination?

  • BART & GINA
  • HIPAA & BSO
  • HIPAA & GINA
  • There are no federal laws, only state laws, that protect against genetic discrimination
A

HIPAA & GINA

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6
Q

A genetic variant of uncertain significance is:

  • A gene change that has never been seen before
  • A gene change that may or may not affect the protein in a harmful way
  • A protein-truncating gene change found in someone with no family history of cancer
  • Usually best treated as if it were positive
A

A gene change that may or may not affect the protein in a harmful way

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7
Q

Which of the following should be communicated to providers about the management of patients with a “VUS” result?

  • It is best to re-test the patient in 6 months to 1 year to see if he/she has a different result
  • It is suggested to manage that patient according to his/her risk based on the personal and family cancer history
  • It is suggested to treat that patient as if he/she had a “positive for a deleterious mutation” result
  • Contact our customer service department
A

It is suggested to manage that patient according to his/her risk based on the personal and family cancer history

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8
Q

Which of the following societies recognize the benefits of hereditary cancer panels:

  • National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN)
  • National Society of Genetic Counselors (NSGC)
  • American Society of Breast Surgeons (ASBS)
  • American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
  • All of the above
A

All of the above

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9
Q

How many genes are currently included on the Myriad myRisk Hereditary Cancer Panel?

  • 15
  • 25
  • 28
  • 35
A

35

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10
Q

The Myriad myRisk Hereditary Cancer product is a genetic testing panel for the identification of clinically significant mutations associated with inherited risk for which of the following eight cancers:

  • Breast, Colorectal, Ovarian, Endometrial, Gastric, Pancreatic, Melanoma, & Prostate
  • Breast, Colorectal, Ovarian, Gastric, Pancreatic, Lung, Uterine, & Thyroid
  • Breast, Colorectal, Ovarian, Endometrial, Lung, Pancreatic, Melanoma, & Renal
  • Breast, Colorectal, Ovarian, Cervical, Gastric, Pancreatic, Melanoma, & Prostate
A

Breast, Colorectal, Ovarian, Endometrial, Gastric, Pancreatic, Melanoma, & Prostate

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11
Q

The clinical management guidelines mentioned in the myRisk management tool are based on:

  • A patient’s genetic test results & Personal/Family Cancer History
  • A patient’s genetic test results only
  • A patient’s personal/family cancer history only
  • A patient’s family history of cancer only
A

A patient’s genetic test results & Personal/Family Cancer History

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12
Q

A woman at POPULATION RISK has a ___ chance of developing breast cancer at some point before the age of 80.

1 in 5 (20%)
1 in 8 (12%)
1 in 20 (5%)
1 in 22 (5.2%)

A

1 in 8 (12%)

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13
Q

Among the GENERAL POPULATION, the median age at diagnosis of breast cancer is between ____________ years.

35-44
55-64
70-75
80-85

A

55-64

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14
Q

In a family with a known BRCA 1/2 mutation, a woman with a NEGATIVE myRisk result - and has never had breast cancer - would be considered at _____________ of developing breast cancer in her lifetime.

General population risk
Up to 44%
Up to 64%
Up to 87%

A

General Population Risk

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15
Q

An estimated ___________ new cases of invasive breast cancer are expected to occur in the U.S. each year.

80, 000
155, 000
200, 000
255, 000

A

255,000

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16
Q

Of the percentage of breast cancers that are hereditary, the majority is due to inherited mutations in either the ________ gene or the ________ gene.

  • BRCA 1, BRCA 2
  • BRCA 1, PALB2
  • BRCA 2, tp53
  • BRCA 2, MLH1
A

BRCA 1, BRCA 2

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17
Q

It is recommended that women with either a BRCA 1 or BRCA 2 gene mutation have an annual breast cancer screening beginning at age:

18
20
25
40

A

25

18
Q

Inherited mutations in the BRCA 1/2 genes are associated with ________ lifetime risk of developing breast cancer.

Up to a 44%
Up to a 64%
Up to an 82%
Up to an 87%

A

up to 87%

19
Q

Approximately ___________% of all breast cancer cases are due to an inherited gene mutation.

2 - 4%
3 - 5%
12 - 14%
20 - 25%

A

12-14%

20
Q

Which of the following are breast cancer screening guidelines for women 30 years or older who are at an increased risk (at or above 20%) of developing breast cancer due to their family history?

  • Annual mammography and annual MRI
  • Annual mammography and ultrasound every 3 - 6 months
  • Clinical breast exam and PET scan every 6 - 12 months
  • Clinical breast exam and ultrasounds every 6 - 12 months
A

Annual mammography and annual MRI

21
Q

The following best describes the difference between a lumpectomy and a mastectomy:

  • A lumpectomy is a breast-conserving surgery where only the tumor and a small sample of the surrounding tissue are removed. In contrast, a mastectomy entails the surgical removal of the whole breast.
  • A lumpectomy is the removal of both breasts and surrounding tissue. A mastectomy is the removal of a lump in the breast.
  • A lumpectomy removes the entire breast. In contrast, a mastectomy removes only a portion of the breast.
A

A lumpectomy is a breast-conserving surgery where only the tumor and a small sample of the surrounding tissue are removed. In contrast, a mastectomy entails the surgical removal of the whole breast.

22
Q

Which of the following statements about breast screening are TRUE?

  • Annual breast MRI screening is only offered to patients with a BRCA 1 or 2 gene mutation
  • General population breast screening includes annual mammogram and MRI beginning at the age of 40
  • Most breast cancers are detected at early stages (stage 1-2) due to the presence of a breast lump/mass found on self-breast or clinical breast exams
  • Patients at elevated risk (at or above 20%) of developing breast cancer may be eligible for annual breast MRI screening, in addition to mammography.
A

Patients at elevated risk (at or above 20%) of developing breast cancer may be eligible for annual breast MRI screening, in addition to mammography.

23
Q

Which of the following scenarios exhibits a red flag for HBOC?

  • One relative diagnosed with endometrial cancer before age 50
  • A woman with DCIS diagnosed at age 65
  • A woman whose mother was diagnosed with ER+ breast cancer at age 60 and a paternal aunt diagnosed with breast cancer at age 70
  • Breast cancer diagnosed before age 50
A

Breast Cancer diagnosed before age 50

24
Q

For a patient with a known BRCA 1 mutation, what is her risk of developing breast cancer?

The same as the general population
Up to 50%
Up to 64%
Up to 87%

A

up to 87%

25
Q

Among the general population, the median age at diagnosis of colon cancer is between ________ years.

50 - 55
55 - 60
60 - 65
65 - 74

A

65-74

26
Q

What is the approximate number of new cases of colorectal cancers diagnosed in the US each year?

28, 000
73, 000
135, 000
208, 000

A

135,000

27
Q

In the general population, what is the average time it takes for a colorectal adenomatous polyp to progress to a carcinoma?

  • to 10 weeks
  • 1 to 3 years
  • 3 to 4 years
  • 5 to 10 years
A

5 to 10 years

28
Q

In a patient with LYNCH SYNDROME, what is the average time it takes for a colorectal adenomatous polyp to progress to a carcinoma?

  • to 10 weeks
  • 1 to 3 years
  • 3 to 4 years
  • 5 to 10 years
A

1 to 3 years

29
Q

What is the lifetime risk of developing colorectal cancer in individuals with Lynch Syndrome?

Up to 25%
Up to 50%
Up to 82%
Up to 95%

A

up to 82%

30
Q

What is the lifetime risk of ovarian cancer in women with LYNCH syndrome?

~1%
Up to 12%
Up to 13%
Up to 44%

A

up to 12%

31
Q

All of the following are RED FLAGS for LYNCH syndrome EXCEPT:

  • Early onset of breast cancer (before age 50)
  • Early onset of colorectal cancer (before age 50)
  • Early onset of endometrial cancer (before age 50)
  • More than one relative on the same side of the family with a Lynch Syndrome related cancer, at least one of those cancers diagnosed before age 50
  • Multiple primary Lynch Syndrome related cancers in the same person
A

Early onset of breast cancer (before age 50)

32
Q

What is the lifetime risk of developing stomach cancer in women with Lynch Syndrome?

Up to 5%
Up to 13%
Up to 50%
Up to 87%

A

up to 13%

33
Q

The most thorough procedure used to detect polyps in the colon is a:

  • Barium enema
  • Colonoscopy
  • Fecal occult blood test
  • Sigmoidoscopy
A

Colonoscopy

34
Q

It is currently estimated that a prophylactic bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) reduces the risk of ovarian cancer by ________ in women with BRCA 1/2 mutations.

  • As much as 13% within 10 years
  • As much as 16%
  • As much as 68%
  • As much as 96%
A

as much as 96%

35
Q

Mutations in the BRCA 1/2 genes are associated with ________ lifetime risk of developing ovarian cancer.

Up to 12%
Up to 35%
Up to 63%
Up to 96%

A

up to 63%

36
Q

It is estimated that approximately _________ women are diagnosed with ovarian cancer each year in the US.

15, 000
22, 000
35, 000
40, 000

A

22,000

37
Q

Oral contraceptive can reduce the risk of __________ in BRCA 1/2 mutation positive patients.

  • Breast cancer
  • Colon cancer
  • Endometrial cancer
  • Ovarian cancer
A

Ovarian Cancer

38
Q

Which of the following is the recommended surgery to reduce the gynecological cancer risk in women with a deleterious BRCA 1/2 mutation?

  • Dilation and Curettage (D & C)
  • Prophylactic bilateral mastectomy
  • Prophylactic bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO)
  • Myomectomy
A

Prophylactic bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO)

39
Q

What is the lifetime risk of developing endometrial cancer in women with LYNCH syndrome?

Up to 20%
Up to 50%
Up to 71%
Up to 82%

A

up to 71%

40
Q

What can be the first clear sign of endometrial cancer?

  • Abnormal uterine bleed
  • Back pain
  • Bloating
  • Headache
A

Abnormal Uterine Bleed

MyRisk Check-In Test (1 decks)

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