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Biology Unit 2 > Q + As > Flashcards

Q + As Flashcards

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1
Q

In which part of the cell is energy released during respiration?

A

Mitochondrion (ia)

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2
Q

Why is it possible to see a bacterial colony but not a single bacterium?

A

1 bacterium is tiny, many massed together in a colony can be seen

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3
Q

Why do muscle cells need a lot of mitochondria?

A

Because they release energy which muscles need for movement

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4
Q

What determines the net movement of particles across a cell membrane?

A

The concentration on either side of the membrane

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5
Q

What does glandular tissue produce?

A

Enzymes or hormones

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6
Q

Where is soluble food absorbed?

A

Small intestine

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7
Q

Where does the energy for photosynthesis come from?

A

Sunlight but artificial light may be used in experiments

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8
Q

Why do enzyme reactions slow down?

A

When the temperature falls, the enzymes work slower

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9
Q

What is meant by the term ‘dependent variable’?

A

The variable that is being measured

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10
Q

What are 3 substances used for storage in plants?

A

Starch, Fats and Oils

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11
Q

What factors must be controlled in a greenhouse to improve plant growth?

A

Light, Temperature, Carbon Dioxide

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12
Q

Why are there so few animals living in very cold regions such as the Arctic?

A

Few plants grow there and those that do are very small so there isn’t much food for animals to survive

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13
Q

What is a quadrat?

A

A square frame that can be divided into a grid

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14
Q

How can you make sure an investigation is valid?

A

Control all variables apart from the independent

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15
Q

What are proteins made of?

A

Long chains of amino acids

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16
Q

What is meant by the term ‘denatured’?

A

When the enzyme/protein changes shape and stops working

17
Q

Which enzyme digests starch?

A

Amylase

18
Q

Where is bile produced?

A

Liver

19
Q

Which enzyme converts glucose into fructose?

A

Isomerase

20
Q

How do enzymes get into rivers?

A

Water from dishwashers/washing machines passes into the sewage system and eventually might get to the rivers

21
Q

Where does aerobic respiration take place?

A

Mitochondria

22
Q

Which sugar is needed by the muscles for aerobic respiration?

A

Glucose

23
Q

Which type of cell division produces 2 identical cells from the original cell?

A

Mitosis

24
Q

What type of cells are produced by meiosis?

A

Gametes

25
Q

Explain how 4 gametes are formed from 1 cell

A

2 sets of cell division. A body cell divides into 2 and then each divides again.

26
Q

Where are stem cells found in adult humans?

A

Bone marrow

27
Q

Which scientist worked out how characteristics are inherited?

A

Gregor Mendel

28
Q

What does a gene code for?

A

The order of amino acids in a protein

29
Q

Which sex chromosomes are found in human males?

A

X and Y (XY)

30
Q

What is meant by the term ‘phenotype’?

A

Description of physical characteristics

31
Q

Name a genetic disorder which is controlled by a dominant allele

A

Polydactyly

32
Q

What are the chances of a child having cystic fibrosis if one parent has the disorder and the other parent is heterozygous?

A

50% As one parent (cc) has to pass on the allele, the other parent (Cc) has a 50% chance of passing it on. The child is either Cc or cc

33
Q

What is embryo screening?

A

Test are carried out on the embryo to diagnose possible disorders

34
Q

Name a hard part of an animal which will NOT decay easily

A

Bones, Teeth, Shells, Claws

35
Q

Why are some fossils destroyed over time?

A

Because of geological activity which breaks them up/wears them away

36
Q

How can a new predator cause extinction of a species?

A

It eats all the animals of that species

37
Q

Suggest another factor which could have caused dinosaurs to die out?

A

A new disease being introduced into the population. It’s unlikely to be a new predator because dinosaurs were at the top of the food chain.

38
Q

How do populations become isolated?

A

Islands break away from the mainland, new rivers form, mountain ranges or craters separate the populations

39
Q

What is meant by genetic variation?

A

The wide range of alleles that control the characteristics in a population

Biology Unit 2 (1 decks)

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