Python Syntax - Beginner

Question 1

Symbol used to render following symbol exactly.

Answer 1

\

Ex. To get a quotation mark in a string you would use: (“This guy said"Go" so I went.”)

Called the: escape character.

Question 2

How do you insert a new line into a string?

Answer 2

\n

Question 3

How do you concatenate a string?

Answer 3

+

Ex.

Print (“dogs” + “ rule”)

Question 4

.upper & .isupper

Answer 4

.upper capitalizes a string
.isupper Checks to see if string has caps. (Checks original value, you can print in all caps with .upper without changing original value of variable.

Question 5

Function that counts letters in a string.

Answer 5

len

Ex. print(len(variableA))

Question 6

How do you extract a single character from a string?

Answer 6

[ index value goes here ]

Ex. String = Me

To get M

print(variableName [0])

Question 7

How do you see where in the index a character is located in a string?

Answer 7

print(variable.index(“a”))

If more than one letter in a word, only returns index for first one.

Question 8

How do you replace characters in a string?

Answer 8

variable.replace(“string to be replaced”, “new string that will replace it)

Question 9

How does order of operations work in python?

Answer 9

Parenthesis work like typical.

Question 10

What is this and what does it do? Print(10 %3)

Answer 10

Modulus operator. Divides first number by second number and gives you remember.

Say it 10 mod three, good for finding even numbers.

Question 11

How do you turn a number into a string?

Answer 11

Print(str(variable or number))

Allows you to print numbers and strings together, otherwise they do not concatenate.

Question 12

How do you get the absolutely value of a number?

Answer 12

abs

Ex.
print(abs(num_variable))

Question 13

What does the function pow(2, 4) do?

Answer 13

Raises 2 to the fourth power.

Question 14

How do you find the highest value number in a set?

Answer 14

max

Ex. print(max(4,6,2))
Returns 6.

Question 15

What does the min function do?

Answer 15

Prints the smallest number.

Question 16

What is the function for rounding a number?

Answer 16

round - follows normal rounding rules.

Question 17

How do you import the math library in python?

Answer 17

from math import *

Question 18

What does print(floor(3.7) do?

Answer 18

Always rounds down

Question 19

What function do you use to always round up?

Answer 19

Ceil

Ex.
print(ceil(3.2) returns 4.

Question 20

What is the function to return a square root?

Answer 20

Sqrt()

Question 21

How do you allow the user to give the program information?

Answer 21

Use function input(prompt for user)

Question 22

What is the default data type for user input in python?

Answer 22

String

Question 23

How do you set user input to a number?

Answer 23

Add int (variable) or float(variable)

Question 24

Syntax for creating a variable that is a list?

Answer 24

variable_name = [value1, “item2”, “item3”

Question 25

Can python store different data types in the same list?

Answer 25

Yes.

Question 26

Syntax to call a specific item from list if index value is known?

Answer 26

Ex. print(friends[index value])

Question 27

What does a call for a negative index number mean when pulling data from list?

Answer 27

Starts counting from back of list. -1 is last item in the list.

Question 28

How do you retrieve all the values after a certain index in a list?

Answer 28

List_variable[2:]

Prints the second list value to the end of the list.

Inclusive of value before the colan.

Question 29

What will friends [:2] return?

Answer 29

All values before but not including index position 2.

Question 30

How would you return indexed values 3-6 from a list?

Answer 30

list_variable[3:7]

Question 31

How do you change the value of a single item in a list?

Answer 31

After variable has been defined:

variable_name[index position] = new value

Question 32

What function do you use to combine two lists?

Answer 32

list1_name.extend(list2_name)

Question 33

How do you add individual items to a list?

Answer 33

variable.append(“string”, integer)

Question 34

What function do you use to add a value to the middle of a list?

Answer 34

variable_name.insert(index position it will go in, “value in quotes if a string”)

Question 35

How do you remove a value from a list?

Answer 35

variable_name.remove(value to remove)

Question 36

How do you completely clear a list?

Answer 36

variable_name.clear()

Question 37

What does list_name.pop() do?

Answer 37

Returns and removes the last item on a list. Can also specify an index value to do that with a different part of the list.

Question 38

How do you find the index for a value in a list?

Answer 38

list_name.index(value)

Question 39

What does list_value.count(value) do?

Answer 39

Returns the number of times a value shows up in a list.

Question 40

What function puts a list in alphabetical or numerical order?

Answer 40

.sort

Question 41

How do you flip the order of a list?

Answer 41

. reverse

Question 42

What are the four built-in data types in Python?

Answer 42

Tuple, List, Set, Dictionary

Question 43

What are the characteristics of the Tuple data type?

Answer 43

Is ordered, unchangeable, allows duplicate members.

Question 44

How do you create a Tuple?

Answer 44

tuple_name = (value 1, value 2,)

Question 45

Match each bracket type with it’s data type:
()
[]
{}

Answer 45

() - Tuple
[] - List
{} - Set or Dictionary

Question 46

Syntax for creating a function in Python

Answer 46

def descriptive_name () :
     Indented code is in function
Code to the left is not part of function

Question 47

How do you call a function?

Answer 47

function_name ()

Question 48

What Is a parameter?

Answer 48

A piece of information we pass into a function.

Question 49

How do you get a function to give you information?

Answer 49

return

Ex.

def function_name (num):
       return  num*num*num  (must be the end of the function)

Can put it in a variable

result = function_name (4)
print(result)

Question 50

What is a condition in the context of an if statement?

Answer 50

Something that can be true or false:

If I’m hungry.

Question 51

How do you create a basic if statement with boolean values?

Answer 51

is_cloudy = True
is_week_day = False

If is_cloudy and is_week_day:
print(“Read a book!”)

else:
print (“Go to work!”)

Question 52

What does elif do in an if statement?

Answer 52

It is an Else If command, it is a second or third condition checked before the exit else statement.

Question 53

How do you create a second condition check in an if statement that checks for variable_1 to be false, and variable_2 to be true?

Answer 53

elif not(variable_1) and variable_2:
       function

Question 54

What are Comparison operators?

Answer 54

== Checks if two values are equal
<= Less than or equal to
>= Grater than or equal to
!= Not equal to
> Grater than
< Less than

Question 55

How do you retrieve a value from a dictionary and specify a default value?

Answer 55

Ex. print(dictionaryName.get(“potentialKey”, “default value”)

Question 56

What is a while loop?

Answer 56

It is a set of code that runs over and over again untill a certain condition is met.

Question 57

What kind of loop can excite trough an array or a range?

Answer 57

For Loop

Question 58

How do you create a For loop?

Answer 58

for thing in array_name:
print(thing)

Also don’t forget:

for index in range(10) or range(3, 25)
print(index)

Question 59

What is a try except block good for?

Answer 59

Using on things that could break the program like a user entering a letter in stead of an integer.

Question 60

How do you use try/except?

Answer 60

try:
Code
except YouCanPutAErrorTypeHere:
Code

Question 61

What is the danger of an broad except clause?

Answer 61

Will exicute the same way with any error in the try block of code. Use caution.

Question 62

How do you get a try/except statement to print the error the code throws?

Answer 62

try:
Code

except ErrorTypr as err: 
#stores the error type in variable err
    print(err)

Question 63

What modes can you open a file in in python?

Answer 63

Read - “r”
Write - “w”
Append - “a” # add info to end of file.
Read/Write - “r+”

Question 64

Syntax for opening a file in python:

Answer 64

Variable_tostorinfo = open(“filename&path.txt”, “mode” - ex. r for read)

Variable_tostorinfo.close()

Question 65

What is pip?

Answer 65

A program/ installation utility that is usually pre-installed with python these days, that allows you to install modules easily. Is a package manager.

Question 66

What, broadly and conceptually is a Class in python?

Answer 66

A home made data type. I.e. how would you represent a phone or a person?

Question 67

What, broadly and conceptually is an object in python?

Answer 67

An object is a particular instance of a class. For example the class might be Librarian and the object Megan.