Python Built-In Functions

Question 1

abs(x)

Answer 1

returns the absolute values of a number

Question 2

all(iterable)

Answer 2

returns True if all elements of the iterable are true

Question 3

any(iterable)

Answer 3

return True if any element of the iterable is true

Question 4

ascii(object)

Answer 4

As repr(), return a string containing a printable representation of an object, but escape the non-ASCII characters in the string returned by repr() using \x, \u or \U escapes.

Question 5

bin(x)

Answer 5

Convert an integer number to a binary string prefixed with “0b”.

Question 6

class bool([x])

Answer 6

Return a Boolean value, i.e. one of True or False

Question 7

breakpoint(*args, **kws)

Answer 7

This function drops you into the debugger at the call site.

Question 8

class bytearray([source[, encoding[, errors]]])

Answer 8

return a new array of bytes

Question 9

class bytes([source[, encoding[, errors]]])

Answer 9

Return a new “bytes” object, which is an immutable sequence of integers in the range 0 <= x

Question 10

callable(object)

Answer 10

Return True if the object argument appears callable, False if not. If this returns True, it is still possible that a call fails, but if it is False, calling object will never succeed

Question 11

chr(i)

Answer 11

Return the string representing a character whose Unicode code point is the integer i. For example, chr(97) returns the string ‘a’, while chr(8364) returns the string ‘€’. This is the inverse of ord().

Question 12

@classmethod

Answer 12

Transform a method into a class method.

A class method receives the class as implicit first argument, just like an instance method receives the instance. To declare a class method, use this idiom:

Question 13

compile(source, filename, mode, flags=0, dont_inherit=False, optimize=-1)

Answer 13

Compile the source into a code or AST object…

Question 14

class complex([real[, imag]])

Answer 14

Return a complex number with the value real + imag*1j or convert a string or number to a complex number

Question 15

delattr(object, name)

Answer 15

This is a relative of setattr(). The arguments are an object and a string. The string must be the name of one of the object’s attributes. The function deletes the named attribute, provided the object allows it. For example, delattr(x, ‘foobar’) is equivalent to del x.foobar.

Question 16

class dict(**kwarg)

class dict(mapping, **kwarg)

class dict(iterable, **kwarg)

Answer 16

Create a new dictionary. The dict object is the dictionary class

Question 17

dir([object])

Answer 17

Without arguments, return the list of names in the current local scope. With an argument, attempt to return a list of valid attributes for that object.

Question 18

divmod(a, b)

Answer 18

Take two (non complex) numbers as arguments and return a pair of numbers consisting of their quotient and remainder when using integer division.

Question 19

enumerate(iterable, start=0)

Answer 19

Return an enumerate object. iterable must be a sequence, an iterator, or some other object which supports iteration

Question 20

eval(expression[, globals[, locals]])

Answer 20

The arguments are a string and optional globals and locals. If provided, globals must be a dictionary. If provided, locals can be any mapping object.

Question 21

exec(object[, globals[, locals]])

Answer 21

This function supports dynamic execution of Python code. object must be either a string or a code object…

Question 22

filter(function, iterable)

Answer 22

Construct an iterator from those elements of iterable for which function returns true. iterable may be either a sequence, a container which supports iteration, or an iterator.

Question 23

class float([x])

Answer 23

Return a floating point number constructed from a number or string x.

Question 24

format(value[, format_spec])

Answer 24

Convert a value to a “formatted” representation, as controlled by format_spec.

Question 25

class frozenset([iterable])

Answer 25

Return a new frozenset object, optionally with elements taken from iterable. frozenset is a built-in class.

Question 26

getattr(object, name[, default])

Answer 26

Return the value of the named attribute of object. name must be a string.

Question 27

globals()

Answer 27

Return a dictionary representing the current global symbol table. This is always the dictionary of the current module (inside a function or method, this is the module where it is defined, not the module from which it is called).

Question 28

hasattr(object, name)

Answer 28

The arguments are an object and a string. The result is True if the string is the name of one of the object’s attributes, False if not. (This is implemented by calling getattr(object, name) and seeing whether it raises an AttributeError or not.)

Question 29

hash(object)

Answer 29

Return the hash value of the object (if it has one). Hash values are integers. They are used to quickly compare dictionary keys during a dictionary lookup.

Question 30

help([object])

Answer 30

Invoke the built-in help system. (This function is intended for interactive use.) If no argument is given, the interactive help system starts on the interpreter console

Question 31

hex(x)

Answer 31

Convert an integer number to a lowercase hexadecimal string prefixed with “0x”. If x is not a Python int object, it has to define an __index__() method that returns an integer.

Question 32

id(object)

Answer 32

Return the “identity” of an object. This is an integer which is guaranteed to be unique and constant for this object during its lifetime. Two objects with non-overlapping lifetimes may have the same id() value.

Question 33

input([prompt])

Answer 33

If the prompt argument is present, it is written to standard output without a trailing newline. The function then reads a line from input, converts it to a string (stripping a trailing newline), and returns that.

Question 34

class int([x])

class int(x, base=10)

Answer 34

Return an integer object constructed from a number or string x, or return 0 if no arguments are given. If x defines __int__(), int(x) returns x.__int__(). If x defines __index__(), it returns x.__index__(). If x defines __trunc__(), it returns x.__trunc__().

Question 35

isinstance(object, classinfo)

Answer 35

Return True if the object argument is an instance of the classinfo argument, or of a (direct, indirect or virtual) subclass thereof. If object is not an object of the given type, the function always returns False.

Question 36

issubclass(class, classinfo)

Answer 36

Return True if class is a subclass (direct, indirect or virtual) of classinfo. A class is considered a subclass of itself. classinfo may be a tuple of class objects, in which case every entry in classinfo will be checked.

Question 37

iter(object[, sentinel])

Answer 37

Return an iterator object…

Question 38

len(s)

Answer 38

Return the length (the number of items) of an object. The argument may be a sequence (such as a string, bytes, tuple, list, or range) or a collection (such as a dictionary, set, or frozen set).

Question 39

class list([iterable])

Answer 39

Rather than being a function, list is actually a mutable sequence type, as documented in Lists and Sequence Types — list, tuple, range.

Question 40

locals()

Answer 40

update and return a dictionary representing the current local symbol table.

Question 41

map(function, iterable, …)

Answer 41

Return an iterator that applies function to every item of iterable, yielding the results

Question 42

max(iterable, *[, key, default])

max(arg1, arg2, *args[, key])

Answer 42

Return the largest item in an iterable or the largest of two or more arguments…

Question 43

class memoryview(obj)

Answer 43

Return a “memory view” object created from the given argument. See Memory Views for more information

Question 44

min(iterable, *[, key, default])

min(arg1, arg2, *args[, key])

Answer 44

Return the smallest item in an iterable or the smallest of two or more arguments

Question 45

next(iterator[, default])

Answer 45

Retrieve the next item from the iterator by calling its __next__() method. If default is given, it is returned if the iterator is exhausted, otherwise StopIteration is raised.

Question 46

class object

Answer 46

Return a new featureless object. object is a base for all classes.

Question 47

oct(x)

Answer 47

Convert an integer number to an octal string prefixed with “0o”.

Question 48

open(file, mode=’r’, buffering=-1, encoding=None, errors=None, newline=None, closefd=True, opener=None)

Answer 48

Open file and return a corresponding file object. If the file cannot be opened, an OSError is raised.

Question 49

ord(c)

Answer 49

Given a string representing one Unicode character, return an integer representing the Unicode code point of that character.

Question 50

pow(base, exp[, mod])

Answer 50

Return base to the power exp; if mod is present, return base to the power exp, modulo mod (computed more efficiently than pow(base, exp) % mod). The two-argument form pow(base, exp) is equivalent to using the power operator: base**exp.

Question 51

print(*objects, sep=’ ‘, end=’\n’, file=sys.stdout, flush=False)

Answer 51

Print objects to the text stream file, separated by sep and followed by end. sep, end, file and flush, if present, must be given as keyword arguments.

Question 52

class property(fget=None, fset=None, fdel=None, doc=None)

Answer 52

Return a property attribute.

Question 53

class range(stop)

class range(start, stop[, step])

Answer 53

Rather than being a function, range is actually an immutable sequence type

Question 54

repr(object)

Answer 54

Return a string containing a printable representation of an object.

Question 55

reversed(seq)

Answer 55

Return a reverse iterator. seq must be an object which has a __reversed__() method or supports the sequence protocol (the __len__() method and the __getitem__() method with integer arguments starting at 0).

Question 56

round(number[, ndigits])

Answer 56

Return number rounded to ndigits precision after the decimal point. If ndigits is omitted or is None, it returns the nearest integer to its input.

Question 57

class set([iterable])

Answer 57

Return a new set object, optionally with elements taken from iterable. set is a built-in class

Question 58

setattr(object, name, value)

Answer 58

This is the counterpart of getattr(). The arguments are an object, a string and an arbitrary value.

Question 59

class slice(stop)

class slice(start, stop[, step])

Question 60

sorted(iterable, *, key=None, reverse=False)

Answer 60

Return a new sorted list from the items in iterable.

Question 61

@staticmethod

Answer 61

Transform a method into a static method.

Question 62

class str(object=’’)

class str(object=b’’, encoding=’utf-8’, errors=’strict’)

Answer 62

Return a str version of object.

Question 63

sum(iterable, /, start=0)

Answer 63

Sums start and the items of an iterable from left to right and returns the total. The iterable’s items are normally numbers, and the start value is not allowed to be a string.

Question 64

super([type[, object-or-type]])

Answer 64

Return a proxy object that delegates method calls to a parent or sibling class of type. This is useful for accessing inherited methods that have been overridden in a class.

Question 65

class tuple([iterable])

Answer 65

Rather than being a function, tuple is actually an immutable sequence type

Question 66

class type(object)

class type(name, bases, dict)

Answer 66

With one argument, return the type of an object. The return value is a type object and generally the same object as returned by object.__class__.

Question 67

vars([object])

Answer 67

Return the __dict__ attribute for a module, class, instance, or any other object with a __dict__ attribute.

Question 68

zip(*iterables)

Answer 68

Make an iterator that aggregates elements from each of the iterables.

Question 69

__import__(name, globals=None, locals=None, fromlist=(), level=0)

Answer 69

This function is invoked by the import statement…