Python

Question 1

append() + example

Answer 1

Adds an item to the end of the list.

Question 2

pop() + example

Answer 2

Removes and returns an item at a specific index.

Question 3

insert() + example

Answer 3

Inserts an item at a specific index.

Question 4

remove() + example

Answer 4

Removes the first occurrence of a value.

Question 5

count() + example

Answer 5

Counts occurrences of a specified value.

Question 6

index() + example

Answer 6

Returns the index of the first occurrence of a value.

Question 7

are list mutable in python?

Answer 7

Lists in Python are mutable, meaning they can be modified.

numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
float_numbers = [1.1, 2.2, 3.3]
names = [“Alice”, “Bob”, “Charlie”]
names = [“Alice”, “Bob”, “Charlie”]

Question 8

give me list of tuples

Answer 8

coordinates = [(1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6)]

Question 9

what is + example
int (Integer)

Answer 9

Definition: Represents whole numbers, positive or negative, without a decimal point.

Question 10

what is + example
float (Floating-Point Number)

Answer 10

Definition: Represents real numbers with a decimal point.

x = 3.14 # Positive float
y = -2.71 # Negative float
z = 0.0 # Zero as a float

Question 11

what is + example
matrix

Answer 11

Python does not have a built-in matrix type, but you can create matrices using nested lists or libraries like NumPy.

matrix = [
[1, 2, 3],
[4, 5, 6],
[7, 8, 9]
]

Question 12

what is + example
tuple

Answer 12

Definition: An ordered, immutable collection of elements. Once created, a tuple cannot be modified.
Syntax: Defined using parentheses () or without them.

tuple1 = (1, 2, 3) # Tuple with integers
tuple2 = (“a”, “b”, “c”) # Tuple with strings
tuple3 = (1, “hello”, 3.14) # Mixed data types

Tuples are faster than lists.
Useful for data that should not change.

Question 13

what is + example

dictionary

Answer 13

Definition: An unordered collection of key-value pairs.
Syntax: Defined using curly braces {} with keys and their corresponding values.

person = {
“name”: “Alice”,
“age”: 25,
“city”: “New York”
}

Question 14

Convert int to float (function)

Answer 14

num_int = 5 # Integer
num_float = float(num_int) # Convert to float

Question 15

Convert float to int (function)

Answer 15

num_float = 5.7 # Float
num_int = int(num_float) # Convert to integer

Question 16

Convert int to str (function)

Answer 16

num_int = 123 # Integer
num_str = str(num_int) # Convert to string

Question 17

Convert str to int (function)

Answer 17

num_str = “456” # String
num_int = int(num_str) # Convert to integer

Question 18

Convert str to float (function)

Answer 18

num_str = “3.14” # String with decimals
num_float = float(num_str) # Convert to float

Question 19

Convert list to tuple and tuple to list (function)

Answer 19

Tuple to List

my_list = [1, 2, 3]
my_tuple = tuple(my_list)

my_tuple = (4, 5, 6)
my_list = list(my_tuple)

Question 20

for loop
iterate over list of strings and print those

Answer 20

fruits = [“apple”, “banana”, “cherry”]
for fruit in fruits:
print(fruit)

Question 21

for loop
print numbers from 0-4

Answer 21

for i in range(5): # Iterates from 0 to 4
print(i)

Question 22

while loop.
when to use it?

Answer 22

The while loop repeatedly executes a block of code as long as a condition is True. It is useful when you do not know the number of iterations in advance.

Question 23

example of while loop with a counter

Answer 23

count = 0
while count < 5:
print(count)
count += 1 # Increment the counter

Question 24

explain break and continue

Answer 24

break Exits a loop prematurely. break
continue Skips the current iteration of a loop and moves to the next iteration. continue

Question 25

explain all() and any() Functions

Answer 25

Check if any number is greater than 10

numbers = [2, 4, 6, 8]
# Check if all numbers are even
if all(num % 2 == 0 for num in numbers):
print(“All numbers are even”)

if any(num > 10 for num in numbers):
print(“At least one number is greater than 10”)
else:
print(“No number is greater than 10”)

Question 26

sorted()
what is + example

Answer 26

Sorting in reverse order

The sorted() function is used to return a new sorted list from the items in an iterable.

numbers = [3, 1, 4, 2]
sorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)
print(sorted_numbers) # Output: [1, 2, 3, 4]

sorted_numbers = sorted(numbers, reverse=True)
print(sorted_numbers) # Output: [4, 3, 2, 1]

Question 27

how to print a variable inside string in python?
f-strings (formatted string literals)

Answer 27

print(f”My name is {name} and I am {age} years old.”)

Question 28

replace() in strings

Answer 28

text = “Hello, world!”
new_text = text.replace(“world”, “Python”)
print(new_text) # Output: Hello, Python!

Question 29

split() in strings

Answer 29

text = “apple,banana,cherry”
fruits = text.split(“,”)
print(fruits) # Output: [‘apple’, ‘banana’, ‘cherry’]

Question 30

I have a string in a loop called new_word.
I need after iteration to remove the first letter from that string. How to?

Answer 30

The [1:] syntax is a string slicing operation in Python.
It creates a new string by excluding the first character of the original string and keeping the rest.

new_word = new_word[1:]

Question 31

which is the issue?
for a, b in range(total_scores):

Answer 31

You’re trying to unpack the result of range(total_scores) as if it provides two values (a and b), but range(total_scores) only produces integers, not pairs. Hence, Python raises the error TypeError: ‘int’ object is not iterable.

Question 32

how to control decimal spaces?
give an example
f-strings

Answer 32

print(f”{value:.2f}”)

print(f”{positive_count / total_len:.6f}”)

Question 33

this is not working okey…
min_list = arr
max_list = arr
why?

Answer 33

This does not create separate copies of the list. Both min_list and max_list still refer to the same list as arr. When you remove an element from min_list or max_list, it modifies arr as well.

Solution:
To prevent modifying the original list, you need to create copies of arr for min_list and max_list using the copy() method or list slicing.

Question 34

difference of python 2 and 3.

Answer 34

Python 2 and Python 3 differ primarily in design and functionality:

Print Statement:

Python 2: print “Hello”
Python 3: print(“Hello”) (requires parentheses).

Python 2: No longer supported (end-of-life in 2020).
Python 3: Actively developed and supported.
Python 3 is the future and should be used for all new projects.

Question 35

python key features

Answer 35

Simple and Readable Syntax: Python emphasizes readability, making it easy to learn and use.

Dynamically Typed: Variables are not declared with a specific type; the type is determined at runtime.

Interpreted Language: Python code is executed line by line by an interpreter, without the need for prior compilation.

Versatile and Extensive Libraries: Python has a rich set of libraries and frameworks (e.g., NumPy, Pandas, Django).

Object-Oriented and Functional: Supports multiple programming paradigms, including OOP and functional programming.

Question 36

The Global Interpreter Lock (GIL) is a mechanism used in CPython

Answer 36

Memory management: The GIL simplifies memory management by preventing multiple threads from modifying objects at the same time. This means that even if a Python program has multiple threads, only one thread can run Python code at any given moment.

Question 37

What are Python’s mutable and immutable data types?

Answer 37

Mutable Data Types:
Lists: You can modify the elements of a list.
python
Dictionaries: You can add, modify, or remove key-value pairs.
python
Sets: You can add or remove elements from a set.
python

Immutable types: Strings, tuples, integers, floats, frozensets, etc.
Tuples: You cannot change, add, or remove elements from a tuple.
python
tup = (1, 2, 3)
tup[0] = 4 # Error: tuples are immutable

Question 38

In Python, classes and objects are core concepts in Object-Oriented Programming (OOP).

Answer 38

Class
A class is a blueprint or template for creating objects. It defines a set of attributes (variables) and methods (functions) that are common to all objects of that class. You can think of a class as a way to define a structure for objects.
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Object
An object is an instance of a class. When you create an object from a class, you are essentially creating a specific instance of that class, with its own unique values for the attributes.
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Question 39

key difference between @staticmethod, @classmethod, and instance methods

Answer 39

Instance Methods
Definition: These are the most common methods in Python classes. They require an instance (object) of the class to be called.

obj = MyClass()
obj.instance_method()

@staticmethod
Definition: A @staticmethod is a method that belongs to the class but does not require an instance or class reference to be called.

class MyClass:
@staticmethod
def static_method():
print(“This is a static method.”)

obj = MyClass()
obj.static_method()

Class method: Use when the method needs to modify or access class-level attributes and methods (e.g., factory methods). dosent have access on instance.

Question 40

how is the constructor in python?

Answer 40

__init__(self, …) (Constructor)
Purpose: This method is called when an instance of a class is created. It is used to initialize the object’s attributes.

Question 41

how to show in string output when objects gets created and printed

Answer 41

__str__(self) (String Representation)
Purpose: This method defines the “informal” or user-friendly string representation of an object. It is called when str() or print() is used on the object.

Question 42

explain microservices

Answer 42

Microservices is an architectural style that structures an application as a collection of loosely coupled, independently deployable services. Each service is designed to perform a specific business function and is developed, deployed, and scaled independently. Microservices are often used in large-scale systems to improve flexibility, scalability, and maintainability.

ej. 1. User Authentication Service:
2. products/content
3. notification service
4. payment
5. search service

Question 43

creating and what is an API with cherrypy

Answer 43

CherryPy can be used to create an API in Python. CherryPy is a web framework that provides tools to build web applications, including APIs. It allows you to handle HTTP requests, define routes (or endpoints), and send HTTP responses.