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Python > Python > Flashcards

Python Flashcards

1
Q

Algorithms

A

sequences of instructions, created to operate within the models, manipulate and present information

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2
Q

Hardware

A

physical components (e.g., memory chip, keyboard, networking cable, smartphone)

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3
Q

Software

A

nonphysical components (e.g., operating system, network protocols, programming language tools, APIs)

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4
Q

Central processing unit (CPU)

A

core hardware component where computation occurs, fetches program instructions and data, executes instructions on data

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5
Q

Main memory (RAM)

A

stores program instructions and data during execution

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6
Q

Bus

A

Set of wirings that carry instructions and data between the CPU and main memory, connects CPU and main memory to other components

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7
Q

Computer systems

A

single computer or collection of computers connected to network

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8
Q

Operating system (OS)

A

Software component that acts as intermediary between hardware and application programs

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9
Q

Computer network

A

system of computers that can communicate with each other

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10
Q

Internetwork

A

connection of several networks (Internet)

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11
Q

Integrated Development Environments (IDEs)

A

include editor, language translator, automated tools, debugger

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12
Q

Application programming interface (API)

A

library consisting description of instructions

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13
Q

Computational thinking

A

processes/tasks understood/described as computational processes

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14
Q

Abstraction

A

extracting relevant aspects of problem

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15
Q

Model

A

result of abstraction that represents all relevant aspects of problem

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16
Q

Assignment statements

A

sets current value of variable

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17
Q

Conditional control structure

A

executes only if something happens

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18
Q

Iteration control structure

A

repeating process set number of times

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19
Q

Hard drive

A

Stores files, retains data even when computer is powered off, larger capacity than main memory

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20
Q

Iteration

A

repeating a process

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21
Q

Integer/int

A

values without decimal point

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21
Q

Floating point/float

A

values with decimal and fractional parts

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22
Q

string

A

sequence of characters including blanks, punctation, symbols

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23
Q

Indexing operator

A

access individual characters of string

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24
Q

Index

A

character’s position in string with respect to first character

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25
Q

** (xy = x**y)

A

exponentiator operator

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26
Q

a//b

A

integer quotient when integer a divided by integer b

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27
Q

a%b

A

remainder when integer a divided by integer b

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28
Q

abs()

A

absolute value of number

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29
Q

min() & max()

A

min and max of input values

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30
Q

==

A

check equality

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31
Q

<=

A

less than or equal to

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32
Q

> =

A

greater than or equal to

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33
Q

!=

A

not equal to

34
Q

x in s

A

True if string x is substring of string s, false otherwise

35
Q

x not in s

A

False if string x is substring of string s, true otherwise

36
Q

s + t

A

Concatenation of string s and t

37
Q

s * n

A

Concatenation of n copies of s

38
Q

s[i]

A

Character of string s at index i

39
Q

len(s)

A

Length of string s

40
Q

Indexing operator []

A

access individual characters of string

41
Q

Index

A

character’s position in string with respect to first character

42
Q

List

A

sequence of objects of any type

43
Q

Mutable

A

content of list can be changed

44
Q

Tuples

A

immutable lists

45
Q

append ()

A

add to lists

46
Q

Lst.count(item)

A

Returns number of occurences of item in lst

47
Q

Lst.index(item)

A

Returns index of first occurrence of item in lst

48
Q

Lst.insert(index, item)

A

Inserts items into list just before index

49
Q

Lst.pop()

A

Removes last item from lst

50
Q

Lst.remove(item)

A

Removes first occurrence of item from list

51
Q

Lst.reverse()

A

Reverses order of items in list

52
Q

Lst.sort()

A

Sorts list

53
Q

Methods

A

functions that cannot be called on their own (append)

54
Q

Objects

A

collection of data (variables) and methods (functions)

55
Q

Type

A

indicates what kinds of values object can hold and what kind of operation can be performed on object (int, float, bool, str, list)

56
Q

Class

A

types whose values are stored in objects

57
Q

Constructor

A

explicitly instantiate integer object (int())

58
Q

Program

A

sequence of multiple python statements

59
Q

Module

A

file containing python code

60
Q

User defined Python modules

A

files we create and save

61
Q

Escape sequence

A

sequence of characters starting with \ that defines special character and interpreted by print function

62
Q

Precision

A

decimal number that specifies how many digits should be displayed before and after decimal point

63
Q

File

A

sequence of bytes stored on secondary memory device (drive)

64
Q

Text files

A

sequence of characters encoded using some encoding

65
Q

Binary file

A

executable application because sequence of bytes without encoding

66
Q

File system

A

component of computer system that organizes files and provides ways to create, access, modify files

67
Q

Root directory

A

folder on top of hierarchy

68
Q

Pathname

A

useful for locating file efficiently

69
Q

Absolute pathname

A

sequence of folders, starting from root directory

70
Q

Current working directory

A

folder containing module

71
Q

Relative pathname

A

sequence of directories to get to file

72
Q

Parent folder

A

folder containing current working directory

73
Q

Mode

A

string that specifies how we will interact with opened file

74
Q

File object

A

object of Input or Output Stream type that supports methods to read/write characters

75
Q

Syntax errors

A

errors that are due to incorrect format of statement

76
Q

Nested loop

A

loop statement is contained inside another loop statement

77
Q

2-d lists

A

list of list elements, with each list element corresponding to row

78
Q

Sequence loop pattern

A

loop is used to generate sequence of numbers until condition is satisfied

79
Q

Flag

A

arbitrary value that is chosen to indicate end of input

80
Q

Dictionary

A

user defined indexes

81
Q

Set

A

store unordered collection of items, no duplicates

82
Q

ASCII

A

standard encoding for English characters

Python (1 decks)

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