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Pyschology Flashcards

0
Q

Who thought that studying animals might help us understand the behavior of humans?

A

Charles Darwin

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1
Q

A hypothesis is a

A

Statement of unexpected results

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2
Q

A field experiment is always

A

Conducted away from a laboratory

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3
Q

The tendency to search for information that confirms a preconception is called:

A

Confirmation bias

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4
Q

What is the most important reason for understanding research methods?

A

So you can evaluate information and make informed decisions

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5
Q

The first psychology laboratory was established in _______ by _________.

A

Germany, Wilhelm Wundt

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6
Q

Dr. Wilson attributes the actions of criminal gang members to the cultural norms and role expectations associated with gang membership. Her belief best illustrates a ________ perspective.

A

Social-culture

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7
Q

The humanistic perspective emphasizes the importance of:

A

Fulfilling one’s potential

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8
Q

A placebo is

A

Medicine with not active ingredients

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9
Q

Jean Piaget found that children at a certain age consistently made mistakes on tests that older children did not make. He believed that younger children thought differently from older children. Since Piaget studied the thought processes of children, he best represents which modern perspective?

A

Cognitive

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10
Q

If those who watch a lot of tv violence are also particularly likely to behave aggressively, this would NOT necessarily indicate that watching tv violence causes aggressive behavior because:

A

Correlation does not prove caution

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11
Q

A researcher who uses participants’ names in a paper about the results of a study violates which of the ethical principles established by the APA?

A

Confidentiality

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12
Q

Animal research can benefit animals. T or F?

A

T

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13
Q

Introspection is the process of looking into yourself. T or F?

A

T

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14
Q

The most common bias on the part of the researcher is called participants bias. T or F?

A

F

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15
Q

A sample group is a group of people who represent the general population. T or F?

A

T

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16
Q

An experiment in which neither the experiment or the subjects are aware of who is getting the placebo is called a blind study. T or F?

A

F

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17
Q

The letters APA represent American Psychological Association. T or F?

A

T

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18
Q

John Watson believed that people could be molded into whatever he wanted by the environment. T or F?

A

T

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19
Q

The applied psychologist must work closely with the research psychologists. T or F?

A

T

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20
Q

The theory of defense mechanisms comes from the ideas of Sigmund Freud. T or F?

A

T

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21
Q

Carl Rogers thought that people were basically bad. T or F?

A

F

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22
Q

The first step in an experiment is to divide the subjects into two groups, the experimental group and the control group. T or F?

A

F

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23
Q

Fixed beliefs about groups are called stereotypes. T or F?

A

T

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24
Q

The way a question is phrased can be of importance in conducting a survey. T or F?

A

T

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25
Q

Who said influenced by unconscious thoughts?

A

Sigmund Freud

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26
Q

Wayne constantly fights with his boss because Wayne doesn’t understand the boss’s social background, and visa versa. What approach is this?

A

Sociocultural approach

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27
Q

Psychology is knowledge gained through…

A

Scientific study of behavior.

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28
Q

Who is considered the father of psychology?

A

Wilhelm Wundt

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29
Q

Carl Jung thought that all humans shared a reservoir of memories called the:

A

Collective unconscious

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30
Q

According to behaviorism…

A

Personality develops because of rewards and punishments.

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31
Q

Who thought that studying animals might help us understand the behavior of humans?

A

Charles Darwin

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32
Q

A field experiment is always…

A

Conducted away from a laboratory

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33
Q

According to Freud….

A

Forbidden desires are repressed.

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34
Q

Your persona is expressed when

A

You wear a mask in public to hide your true feelings.

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35
Q

According to Abraham Maslow, the highest need is

A

Self-actualization

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36
Q

Ms. Thompson believes that her son has learned to play the piano because she consistently rewards his efforts to learn with praise and affection. Her belief best illustrates a(n) _______ perspective.

A

Behavioral

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37
Q

Which of the following is not a characteristic of standardized tests?

A

Written opinions are expressed.

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38
Q

The ancient Greeks classified personalities using four types: sanguine, melancholic, choleric, and phlegmatic. This ancient method of describing personality is most likely a precursor to which modern personality perpsective?

A

Trait

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39
Q

The process of combining information from several theories of human nature is called…

A

Eclecticism

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40
Q

A projective test that involves telling stories about ambiguous pictures is the:

A

TAT

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41
Q

An assessment that measures or predicts what it is supposed to test is called:

A

Valid

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42
Q

The most common personality inventory used in schools today is the

A

California psychological inventory

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43
Q

Hans Eysenck said personality had two major dimensions:

A

Extraversion and emotional stability

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44
Q

Psychology today is placing emphasis on

A

All the above

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45
Q

Stress is always a bad thing. T or F?

A

F

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46
Q

The ego is roughly the same as the self. T or F?

A

T

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47
Q

An archetype is a universal human concept. T or F?

A

T

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48
Q

A vocational interest test is used to measure aptitude. T or F?

A

T

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49
Q

The specialist most likely to diagnose and teat patients is a clinical psychologist.

A

F

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50
Q

The letters APA represent American psychological association. T or F?

A

T

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51
Q

The Rorschach test is an example of an objective test. T or F?

A

F

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52
Q

The applied psychologist must work closely with the research psychologist.

A

T

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53
Q

John Watson believed that people could be molded into whatever he wanted by the environment. T or F?

A

T

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54
Q

Fully functioning individuals have united what they should be with what they are. T or F?

A

T

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55
Q

The difference between clinical psychologists and academic psychologists is clinical never do research and academic always do research. T or F?

A

F

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56
Q

The found of psychoanalysis was Carl Jung. T or F?

A

F

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57
Q

Carl Rogers believed that people were basically good. T or F?

A

T

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58
Q

Who is self-actualization?

A

Abraham Maslow

59
Q

Who is observation and imitation?

A

Albert bandura

60
Q

Who is fully functioning individual?

A

Carl Rogers

61
Q

Who is collective unconscious?

A

Carl Jung

62
Q

Who is reinforcements?

A

B. F. Skinner

63
Q

Who is Id, ego, and superego?

A

Sigmund Freud

64
Q

Traci lies to her friends because they give her a lot of attention for it. Approach?

A

Behavioral approach

65
Q

Frank lies to his friends because he doesn’t feel like he is worth much or not living up to his potential. Approach?

A

Humanistic

66
Q

Jack becomes depressed because he keeps thinking, “No one will ever like me.” Approach?

A

Cognitive

67
Q

Marci becomes depressed because of hidden resentment she feels towards her parents. Approach?

A

Psychoanalytic

68
Q

Wayne constantly fights with his boss because Wayne doesn’t understand the boss’s social background, and visa versa. Approach?

A

Sociocultural

69
Q

Wilma constantly fights with Gertrude because Wilma’s level of stress is high, which affects the level of stress hormones released in her body, which therefore, affects her ability to control her temper. Approach?

A

Biopsychological

70
Q

Who is the origin of species?

A

Charles Darwin

71
Q

Who is the first American psychologist?

A

William James

72
Q

Who is disputed males bias of freuds work?

A

Karen horney

73
Q

Who is thinking abilities in child development- cognitive perspective?

A

Jean Piaget

74
Q

Who is inferiority complex?

A

Alfred Adler

75
Q

What organ of the body is the most demanding?

A

Brain

76
Q

The visual area of the brain is located…

A

In the back of the head

77
Q

A bundle of nerve fibers which connect the two hemispheres together is the

A

Corpus callosum

78
Q

Your ability to know the way to get from class to class is provided by the

A

Cerebellum

79
Q

The part of the eye is often compared to a camera

A

Lens

80
Q

These two tastes are used to detect bad food or poison

A

Sour and bitter

81
Q

The pitch of sound is

A

How high or how low the sound is

82
Q

According to cannon bard theory, if we see a bear we

A

Feel fear and run at the same time

83
Q

Motivation is a

A

Drive that makes us fulfill a goal

84
Q

Curiosity motivation is best demonstrated by

A

Exploring a cave

85
Q

What conclusion did harry Harlow draw about contact comfort?

A

Physical contact makes monkeys feel more secure than food.

86
Q

According to Abraham Maslow, the highest need is

A

Belongingness

87
Q

According to the James Lange theory, we

A

React, then feel our emotions

88
Q

A person with an eating disorder is

A

Unable to read his or her body signals

89
Q

Which would be an example of the unconscious work?

A

Feeling depressed but not knowing exactly why.

90
Q

Nightmares occur more often when you

A

Have missed REM sleep for a few days

91
Q

A person who abuses drugs or alcohol will usually experience

A

Less REM time

92
Q

Meditation is a form of

A

Self control

93
Q

Incubus attacks occur during NREM states. T or F?

A

T

94
Q

All species have the same circadian cycle as humans. T or F?

A

F

95
Q

Birds fly south in the winter because of

A

Circadian rhythms

96
Q

An infant can be born with both male and female sex organs. T or F?

A

T

97
Q

Most infants acquire depth perception after age two. T or F?

A

F

98
Q

The pupil of the eye increases in size when looking at something pleasant. T or F?

A

T

99
Q

It is possible to have the halves of your brain disconnected and still live. T or F?

A

T

100
Q

The process from receiving information from the environment is

A

Sensation

101
Q

Color blindness is an inherited defect usually found in this gender.

A

Male

102
Q

The key to hearing is

A

Hair

103
Q

Measuring the intensity of sound is

A

Decibels

104
Q

To know an object stays the same despite distance is

A

Size constancy

105
Q

The most common neurotransmitter is

A

Acetylcholine

106
Q

The chemical that prepares the body for emergencies is

A

Adrenaline

107
Q

The speed at which the body operates is

A

Metabolism

108
Q

The lobe that contains the major centers for hearing is

A

Temporal

109
Q

The female hormone is

A

Estrogen

110
Q

Friendship is

A

Belongingness

111
Q

Thirst is

A

Physiological

112
Q

Bank account is

A

Safety

113
Q

Reaching one’s potential is

A

Self-esteem

114
Q

Respecting oneself is

A

Self-actualization

115
Q

Doing something new is

A

Curiosity motive

116
Q

Desire to use objects is

A

Manipulation motive

117
Q

Inner satisfaction is

A

Intrinsic motive

118
Q

Need for food is

A

Physical motive

119
Q

External rewards are

A

Extrinsic motive

120
Q

For a proper development, a zygote needs a total of

A

46 chromosomes from the mother and the father

121
Q

Monozygotic twins originate from

A

One egg that divides into two

122
Q

In terms of development, critical period means

A

A specific time when a particular skill may be learned.

123
Q

Authoritarian parents…

A

Use more physical punishment with their children

124
Q

During the conventional level, children feel

A

Behavior should be based on the social order

125
Q

Differences between boys and girls in the level of physical maturation is greatest during

A

Early adolescence

126
Q

Bulimia nervous is

A

All of the above

127
Q

The most important psychological issue facing adolescents is

A

Achieving a sense of identity

128
Q

A teen in an identity confusion state would have

A

A lot of anxieties and insecurities

129
Q

Children at the postconventional level of mortal reasoning will regulate their behavior based on

A

Right or wrong

130
Q

Which of the following is most likely to happen to both men and women from ages 35 to 45?

A

All of the above are likely,
Stress and a sense of urgency arise
Worry arises over the sameness of life
Worry arises over not having accomplished enough

131
Q

The divorce rate today is about

A

50%

132
Q

When a woman experiences menopause,

A

Androgen becomes more dominant

133
Q

Which of the following is the most likely cause of memory loss in older people?

A

The loss of chemicals used for cell communications

134
Q

A dying person is experiencing the bargaining stage when he or she…

A

Asks for extra time to live

135
Q

Gender differences in activity levels appear in infants as early as

A

45 hours after birth

136
Q

Boys generally perform better on the mathematics section of the SAT because of

A

Environment influences from teachers and parents

137
Q

According to numerous studies, which sex has a greater desire to achieve?

A

They have an equal drive to achieve.

138
Q

Premenstrual syndrome

A

Is an uncomfortable period for approximately 10% of women

139
Q

According to our society, both men and women are better off with

A

Masculine traits

140
Q

The sensorimotor stage is a time of development when sensations and movement are very important. T or F?

A

T

141
Q

Advanced language development is difficult to achieve beyond a certain critical period. T or F?

A

T

142
Q

All children have the same maturation rate. T or F?

A

F

143
Q

The child cannot quite grasp the concept of conversation yet.

A

Preoperational stage

144
Q

The child is obsessed with sensations and body movement.

A

Sensorimotor stage

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