Pyschology Flashcards
The intense physical and emotional expression of grief occurring as the awareness increases of a loss of someone or something significant.
ACUTE GRIEF
The individual’s ability to adjust to the psychological and emotional changes brought on by a stressful event such as the death of a significant other.
ADAPTATION
Is the feelings and their expression.
AFFECT
Those appropriate and helpful acts of counseling that come after the funeral.
AFTERCARE aka POST-FUNERAL COUNSELING
The intentional infliction of physical or psychological harm on another.
AGGRESSION
Is defined as fear or anxiety caused by the sudden realization of danger created by the impact of the shock.
ALARM
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
A.I.D.S.
The state of estrangement an individual feels in social settings that are viewed as foreign, unpredictable or unacceptable.
ALIENATION
Providing a choice of services and merchandise available as families make a selection and complete funeral arrangements, formulating different actions in adjusting to a crisis.
ALTERNATIVES
A disconfirming response with more than one meaning, leaving the other party unsure of the responder’s position.
AMBIGUOUS RESPONSE
Is blame directed toward another person.
ANGER
Is a term to describe the experience of grief, especially in young bereaved parents, where mourning customs are unclear due to an inappropriate death and the absence of prior bereavement experience; typical in a society that has attempted to minimize the impact of death through medical control of disease and social control of those who deal with the dying and the dead.
ANOMIC GRIEF
Syndrome characterized by the presence of grief in anticipation of death or loss; the actual death comes as a confirmation of knowledge of a life-limiting condition.
ANTICIPATORY GRIEF
A state of tension, typically characterized by rapid heartbeat, shortness of breath and other similar ramifications of arousal of the autonomic nervous system; an emotion characterized by a vague fear or premonition that something undesirable is going to happen.
ANXIETY
The process of correctly pronouncing all the necessary parts of a word.
ARTICULATION
A death has occurred and the funeral director is counseling with the family as they select the services and items of merchandise in completing arrangements for the funeral service of their choice.
AT-NEED COUNSELING
It is the tendency in human beings to make strong affectional bonds with others coming from the need for security and safety.
ATTACHMENT THEORY (BOWLBY)
Giving undivided attention by means of verbal and non-verbal behavior.
ATTENDING aka LISTENING
A learned tendency to respond to people, objects, or institutions in a positive or negative way.
ATTITUDE
The experience of the emotion of grief.
BEREAVEMENT
That branch of philosophy dealing with values relating to human conduct as it applies to business transactions.
BUSINESS ETHICS
A formal act or observance that may or may not have symbolic content.
CEREMONY
The medium through which a message passes from sender to receiver.
CHANNEL
Excessive in duration and never comes to satisfactory conclusion.
CHRONIC GRIEF
The character of an individual viewed as a member of society; behavior in terms of the duties, obligations and functions of a citizen.
CITIZENSHIP
A phrase coined by Carl Rogers to refer to that type of counseling where one comes actively and voluntarily to gain help on a problem, but without any notion of surrendering his own responsibility for the situation; a non-directive method of counseling which stresses the inherent worth of the client and the natural capacity for growth and health.
CLIENT-CENTERED (NON-DIRECTIVE; ROGERIAN; PERSON-CENTERED) COUNSELING
The emotional tone of a relationship as it is expressed in the messages that the partners send and receive.
CLIMATE
A declaration or public statement of professional standards of right and wrong conduct.
CODE OF ETHICS
From the Latin, “to know;” the study of the origins and consequences of thoughts, memories, beliefs, perceptions, explanations, and other mental processes.
COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY
The rite of finality in a funeral service preceding cremation, earth burial, entombment or burial at sea.
COMMITTAL SERVICE
A general term for the exchange of information, feelings, thoughts and acts between two or more people, including both verbal and non-verbal aspects of this interchange.
COMMUNICATION
Grief extending over a long period of time without resolution.
COMPLICATED (UNRESOLVED, CHRONIC) GRIEF
To be clear and brief.
CONCISE
To hold certain information in trust and not disclose without proper authorization or authority.
CONFIDENTIALITY
An expressed struggle between at least two interdependent parties who perceive incompatible goals, scarce rewards, and interference from the other party in achieving their goals.
CONFLICT
According to client-centered counseling, the necessary quality of a counselor being in touch with reality and with other’s perception of one-self.
CONGRUENCE
The emotional associations of a term.
CONNOTATION
Characteristic ways of responding to stress.
COPING
a stage of moral development in which the expectations of the social group (family, community, and nation) are supported and maintained.
CONVENTIONAL STAGE (Kohlberg)
Agreement between group members about a decision.
CONSENSUS
The individual seeking assistance or guidance.
COUNSELEE
Advice, especially that given as a result of consultation. Helping someone else with a problem.
COUNSELING (WEBSTER)
Any time someone helps someone else with a problem.
COUNSELING (JACKSON)
Good communication within and between men; or, good (free) communication within or between men is always therapeutic.
COUNSELING (ROGERS)
A therapeutic experience for reasonably healthy persons. Do not confuse this with psychotherapy which is treatment for emotionally disturbed persons, who seek, or are referred for assistance with pathological problems. A counselor’s clients are encouraged to see assistance before they develop serious neurotic, psychotic, or chacterological disorders.
COUNSELING (OHLSEN)
The individual providing assistance and guidance.
COUNSELOR
The believability of a speaker or other source of information.
CREDIBILITY
A highly emotional temporary state in which an individual’s feelings of anxiety, grief, confusion or pain impair his or her ability to act.
CRISIS
Interventions for a highly emotional, temporary state in which individuals, overcome by feelings of anxiety, grief, confusion or pain are unable to act in a realistic, normal manner. Intentional responses which help individuals in a crisis situation.
CRISIS COUNSELING
Consists of abstract patterns (the rules, ideas, beliefs shared by members of society) of and for living and dying, which are learned directly or indirectly.
CULTURE
A learned emotional response to death-related phenomenon which is characterized by extreme apprehension.
DEATH ANXIETY
An unconscious, irrational means used by the ego to defend against anxiety
DEFENSE MECHANISMS
Taking innocent comments as personal attacks.
DEFENSIVE LISTENING
Inhibited, suppressed or postponed response to a loss.
DELAYED GRIEF REACTION (WORDEN)
The defense mechanism by which a person is unable or refuses to see things as they are because such facts are threatening to the self.
DENIAL
The objective, emotion-free meaning of a term.
DENOTATION
Counselor takes a live speaking role, asking questions, suggesting courses of action, etc.
DIRECTIVE COUNSELING
Treating members of various social groups differently in circumstances where their rights or treatment should be identical.
DISCRIMINATION
A defense mechanism in which anger is redirected toward a person or object other than the one who caused the anger originally.
DISPLACED AGGRESSION
Redirection of emotion to other targets.
DISPLACEMENT
Two units regarded as a pair; for example, husband and wife.
DYAD
An unconscious, irrational means used by the ego to defend against anxiety.
EGO DEFENSE MECHANISMS
The outward expression or display of mood or feeling states.
EMOTION
The outward expression or display of mood or feeling states.
EMOTIONAL EXPRESSION
Feelings such as happiness, anger or grief, created by brain patterns accompanied by bodily changes.
EMOTIONS
Listening in which the goal is to help the speaker solve a problem.
EMPATHETIC LISTENING
The ability to enter into and share the feelings of others.
EMPATHY (WOLFELT)
Physical location and personal history surrounding the communication.
ENVIRONMENT
Words that have more than one dictionary meaning.
EQUIVOCAL TERMS
That branch of philosophy dealing with values relating to human conduct, with respect to the rightness and wrongness of certain actions and to the goodness and badness of the motives and ends of such actions.
ETHICS (WEBSTER)
The cultural heritage or identity of a group, based on factors such as language or country of origin.
ETHNICITY
A pleasant term substituted for a more direct, less pleasant term.
EUPHEMISM
An act or practice of allowing the death of persons suffering from a life-limiting condition.
EUTHANASIA aka RIGHT TO DIE
Listening in which the goal is to judge the quality or accuracy of speaker’s remarks.
EVALUATIVE LISTENING
Persons are usually conscious of the relationship of the reaction to the death, but the reaction to the current experience is excessive and disabling.
EXAGGERATED GRIEF (WORDEN)
A speech planned in advance but presented in a direct, conversational manner.
EXTEMPORANEOUS SPEECH
To assist understanding of the circumstances or situations the individual is experiencing, and to assist that person in the selection of an alternative adjustment if necessary.
FACILITATE
Incorrect assumptions that lead us to believe that we have heard the message before or that the message is too simple or too complex to understand.
FAULTY ASSUMPTION
Strong emotion marked by such reactions as alarm, dread and disquieting.
FEAR
The discernible response of the receiver.
FEEDBACK
Centering a client’s thinking and feelings on the situation causing a problem and assisting the person in choosing the behavior or adjustment to solve the problem.
FOCUSING
The speech memorized or delivered word for word from a manuscript.
FORMAL
An organized, flexible, purposeful, group centered, time-limited response to death which reflects reverence, dignity and respect.
FUNERAL RITE
The study of human behavior as related to funeral service.
FUNERAL SERVICE PSYCHOLOGY
The state of being prevented from attaining a purpose; thwarted; the blocking of the satisfaction of a perceived need by some kind of obstacle.
FRUSTRATION
The ability to present one’s self sincerely.
GENUINENESS (WOLFELT)
Adjustment, motivational in nature, to be achieved.
GOALS
A rule of ethical conduct found in some form in most major religions usually phrased, “Do unto others as you would have them do unto you.”
GOLDEN RULE
An emotion or set of emotions due to a loss.
GRIEF
Helping people facilitate uncomplicated grief to a healthy completion of the tasks of grieving within a reasonable time frame.
GRIEF COUNSELING
A set of symptoms associated with loss.
GRIEF SYNDROME (LINDEMANN)
Specialized techniques which are used to help people with complicated grief reactions.
GRIEF THERAPY (WORDEN)
A process occurring with losses aimed at loosening the attachment to that which has been lost for appropriate reinvestment.
GRIEFWORK (LINDEMANN)
Support or support system provided to the counselee who is seeking an alternative adjustment to problems
GUIDANCE
Blame directed toward one’s self based on real or unreal conditions.
GUILT
The killing of one human being by another.
HOMICIDE
Having a sense of honor, upright and fair dealing.
HONESTY
Historically, an inn for travelers, especially one kept by a religious order; also used to indicate a concept designed to treat patients with a life-limiting condition.
HOSPICE
Detailed examples of adjustments, choices or alternatives available to the client or counselee, from which a course of action may be selected.
ILLUSTRATING
A speech given “off the top of one’s head’ without preparation.
IMPROMPTU SPEECH
Counseling in which a counselor shares a body of special information with a counselee.
INFORMATIONAL COUNSELING
Listening to understand another person or idea.
INFORMATIONAL LISTENING
Taking a speaker’s remarks at face value.
INSENSITIVE LISTENING
Fidelity to moral principles
INTEGRITY
Social attraction to another person.
INTERPERSONAL ATTRACTION
Communication in which the two parties involved consider one another as individuals.
INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
Communicating with oneself.
INTRAPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
The study of body movement, gestures, and posture.
KINESICS
Rules that govern society.
LAW
A document which governs the withholding or withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment from an individual in the event of an incurable or irreversible condition that will cause death with in a relatively short time, and which such person is no longer able to make decisions regarding his/her medical treatment.
LIVING WILL
A speech that is read word-for-word from a prepared text.
MANUSCRIPT SPEECH
Occurs when persons experience symptoms and behaviors which cause them difficulty but they do not see or recognize the fact that these are related to the loss.
MASKED GRIEF (WORDEN)
A speech that is learned and delivered by rote without a written text.
MEMORIZED SPEECH
A speaker’s words and actions
MESSAGE
Excessive written or verbal information.
MESSAGE OVERLOAD
Any event, person or object that lessens the degree of pain in grief.
MITIGATION
Synonymous with ethical. Refers to the customs, values, and standards of practice of a group, age, or theory intended to be timeless.
MORAL
The process that initiates, directs, and sustains behavior satisfying physiological or psychological needs.
MOTIVATION
Something, as a reason or desire, acting as a spur to action.
MOTIVES
An adjustment process which involves grief or sorrow over a period of time and helps in the reorganization of the life of an individual following a loss or death of someone loved.
MOURNING
A force that interferes with the process of communication.
NOISE
A philosophy that does not focus on the worship of a god or gods.
NON-THEISTIC
That which is expressed by posture, facial expression, actions, physical behavior; that which is communicated by any means except verbally.
NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION
Choice of actions provided through counseling as a means of solving the counselee’s problem.
OPTION
A strong emotion characterized by sudden and extreme fear.
PANIC
Expressing a thought or idea in an alternate and sometimes a shortened form.
PARAPHRASING
Is a relatively stable system of determining tendencies within an individual.
PERSONALITY
A deliberate attempt to change attitudes of belief with information and arguments.
PERSUASION
The set of values, ideas and opinions of an individual or group.
PHILOSOPHY
The highness or lowness of one’s voice.
PITCH
According to Carl Rogers, accepting the client or counselee as he or she is, and for what he or she is without imposing judgments or stipulations.
POSITIVE REGARD
a stage of moral development in which the individual considers universal moral principles which supersede the authority of the group.
POST-CONVENTIONAL STAGE (Kohlberg)
Those appropriate and helpful acts of counseling that come after the funeral.
POST-FUNERAL COUNSELING aka AFTERCARE
a stage of moral development in which moral reasoning is based on reward and punishment from those in authority.
PRE-CONVENTIONAL STAGE (Kohlberg)
Negative attitude towards others based on their gender, religion, race or membership in a particular group.
PREJUDICE
a stage of moral development in which the individual is characterized as not understanding the rules or feeling a sense or obligation to them. Looking to experience only that which is good or pleasant or to avoid that which is painful.
PRE-MORAL STAGE (Kohlberg)
That counseling which occurs before a death.
PRE-NEED COUNSELING
Attribution of one’s unacceptable thoughts, feelings, or behaviors to someone else.
PROJECTION
The study of how people and animals use space.
PROXEMICS
Giving the appearance of listening.
PSEUDOLISTENING
A medical doctor with a specialty in the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders.
PSYCHIATRIST
The study of human behavior and mental processes in humans and/or animals.
PSYCHOLOGY
Intervention with people whose needs are so specific that usually they can only be met by specially trained physicians or psychologists. The practitioners in this field need special training because they often work with deeper levels of consciousness.
PSYCHOTHERAPY (JACKSON)
One person speaking with limited verbal feedback.
PUBLIC COMMUNICATION
The art or science of establishing and promoting a favorable relationship with the public.
PUBLIC RELATIONS
A relation of harmony, conformity, accord or affinity established in any human interaction.
RAPPORT
The speed at which a speaker utters words.
RATE
Supplying a logical, rational, socially acceptable reason rather than the real reason for an action.
RATIONALIZATION
Decodes the message.
RECEIVER
A defense mechanism used in grief to return to more familiar and often more primitive modes of coping.
REGRESSION
Words that gain their meaning through comparison.
RELATIVE TERMS
A culturally entrenched pattern of behavior made up of: (1) sacred beliefs, (2) emotional feelings accompanying the beliefs, and (3) overt conduct presumably implementing the beliefs and feelings
RELIGION
Blocking of threatening material from consciousness.
REPRESSION
An adaptive maneuver characterized by an inability or unwillingness to act with the aim of asserting or sustaining individual control, autonomy or self-esteem.
RESISTANCE
The ability to communicate the belief that everyone possesses the capacity and right to choose alternatives and make decisions.
RESPECT (WOLFELT)
According to Simos, a compelling need by which the individual attempts to restore inner psychological equilibrium, uniting past, present and future in the cycle from loss and the fear of loss to restitution.
RESTITUTION
Any act that is charged with symbolic content.
RITUAL
Preoccupied and intense thoughts about the deceased.
SEARCHING
The relatively stable set of perceptions each individual holds of himself or herself.
SELF-CONCEPT
The process of deliberately revealing information about oneself that is significant and that would not normally be known by others.
SELF-DISCLOSURE
The degree of regard a person holds for oneself.
SELF-ESTEEM
A prediction or expectation of an event that makes the outcome more likely to occur than would otherwise.
SELF-FULFILLING PROPHECY
Deals with the meanings of words.
SEMANTICS
Encodes and delivers the message.
SENDER
The assumption of blame directed toward one’s self by others.
SHAME
The reaction of the body to an event often experienced emotionally as a sudden, violent and upsetting disturbance.
SHOCK
Related to specific situations in life that may create crises and produce human pain and suffering. This type of counseling adds another dimension to the giving of information in that it deals with significant feelings that are produced by life crises
SITUATIONAL COUNSELING
Moral principles that vary with circumstances.
SITUATIONAL ETHICS
Making judgments about ourselves through comparison with others.
SOCIAL COMPARISON
A phenomenon that occurs when an individual’s performance improves because of the presence of others.
SOCIAL FACILITATION
Not listening because he/she is only interested in what he/she has to say.
STAGE HOGGING
Life events and minor hassles that exert pressure or strain.
STRESS
Any event capable of producing physical or emotional stress.
STRESSOR
Redirection of emotion to culturally or socially useful purposes.
SUBLIMATION
The sudden and unexpected death of an apparently healthy infant, which remains unexplained after a complete autopsy and a review of the circumstances around the death.
SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME (S.I.D.S. or CRIB DEATH)
A deliberate act of self-destruction.
SUICIDE
An unsuccessful attempt made by the person to end his or her own life.
SUICIDAL GESTURE
Thoughts of ending one’s life.
SUICIDAL IDEATION
A brief review of points covered in a portion of the counseling session.
SUMMARY
A conscious postponement of addressing anxieties and concerns.
SUPPRESSION
Guilt felt by the survivors.
SURVIVOR GUILT
Sincere feelings for the person who is trying to adjust to a serious loss.
SYMPATHY
The arrangement of words in a sentence.
SYNTAX
The study of death.
THANATOLOGY
An irrational, exaggerated fear of death.
THANATOPHOBIA
Complete sentence describing the central idea of a speech, usually found in the first paragraph.
THEMATIC
A belief in a god or gods.
THEISTIC aka THEISM
A complete sentence describing the central idea of a speech, usually found in the first paragraph.
THESIS STATEMENT
A statement or action which creates anxiety in an individual’s life.
THREAT
The quality of one’s voice.
TONE
The region of the mind that is beyond awareness especially impulses and desires not directly known to a person.
UNCONSCIOUS
Beliefs that are held in high esteem.
VALUES
The loudness of one’s voice
VOLUME
A statement or action designed or perceived to create anxiety in an individual’s life.
THREAT
Spoken, oral communication.
VERBAL COMMUNICATION
The ability to be considerate and friendly as demonstrated by both verbal and non-verbal behaviors
WARMTH AND CARING (WOLFELT)
