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Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex Flashcards

1
Q

What metabolic pathway does the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex link together →

A

Links glycolysis to the TCA cycle

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2
Q

What is the reaction catalyzed by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex →

A

Pyruvate + NAD⁺ + CoA → Acetyl-CoA + CO₂ + NADH

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3
Q

How many enzymes are in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex →

A

3 enzymes

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4
Q

How many cofactors are required by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex →

A

5 cofactors

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5
Q

What are the 5 cofactors of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex →

A

1) Thiamine pyrophosphate (B1), 2) Lipoic acid, 3) CoA (B5), 4) FAD (B2), 5) NAD⁺ (B3)

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6
Q

Mnemonic for PDH cofactors →

A

The Lovely Coenzymes For Nerds

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7
Q

What activates the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex →

A

↑ NAD⁺/NADH ratio, ↑ ADP, ↑ Ca²⁺

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8
Q

What inhibits lipoic acid in the PDH complex →

A

Arsenic

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9
Q

What are the clinical signs of arsenic poisoning →

A

Pigmentary skin changes, vomiting, diarrhea, garlic breath, QT prolongation

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10
Q

Which other complex is similar to pyruvate dehydrogenase complex →

A

α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (TCA cycle)

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11
Q

What does pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency cause pyruvate to be shunted into →

A

Lactate (via LDH) and alanine (via ALT)

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12
Q

What are the findings in pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency →

A

Neurologic defects, lactic acidosis, ↑ serum alanine starting in infancy

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13
Q

What is the treatment for pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency →

A

↑ intake of ketogenic nutrients (e.g., high fat, ↑ lysine and leucine)

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14
Q

Function of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in pyruvate metabolism →

A

Transfers amino groups from muscle to liver via the Cahill cycle

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15
Q

Cofactor for ALT enzyme →

A

Vitamin B6

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16
Q

Function of pyruvate carboxylase in pyruvate metabolism →

A

Converts pyruvate to oxaloacetate to replenish the TCA cycle or for gluconeogenesis

17
Q

Cofactor for pyruvate carboxylase →

A

Vitamin B7 (biotin)

18
Q

Function of pyruvate dehydrogenase in pyruvate metabolism →

A

Converts pyruvate to acetyl-CoA for entry into TCA cycle

19
Q

Cofactors for pyruvate dehydrogenase complex →

A

Vitamins B1, B2, B3, B5, and lipoic acid

20
Q

Function of lactic acid dehydrogenase in pyruvate metabolism →

A

Converts pyruvate to lactate under anaerobic conditions (Cori cycle)

21
Q

Cofactor for lactic acid dehydrogenase →

A

Vitamin B3 (niacin)

Biochemistry (10 decks)

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