Pyramid Terms

Question 0

Fluid Volume Deficit

Answer 0

Dehydration in which the body’s fluid intake is not sufficient to meet the body’s fluid need

Question 1

Calcium

Answer 1

An element needed for the process of bone formation, coagulation of blood, excitation of cardiac and skeletal muscle, maintenance of muscle tone, conduction of neuromuscular impulses, and synthesis and regulation of the endocrine and exocrine glands.

Normal Adult Level 8.6 to 10 mg/dL

Question 2

Fluid Volume Excess

Answer 2

Fluid intake or fluid retention that exceeds the body’s fluid needs; also called over hydration or fluid overload.

Question 3

Homeostasis

Answer 3

The tendency of biological systems to maintain relatively constant conditions on the internal environment while continuously interacting with and adjusting to changes originating within and outside of the system.

Question 4

Hypercalcemia

Answer 4

> 10 mg/dL

Question 5

Hyperkalemia

Answer 5

> 5.1 mEq/L

Question 6

Hypermagnesemia

Answer 6

> 2.6 mg/dL

Question 7

Hypocalcemia

Answer 7

< 8.6 mg/dL

Question 8

Calcium Normal Adult Level

Answer 8

8.6 - 10 mg/dL

Question 9

Hypokalemia

Answer 9

< 3.5 mEq/L

Question 10

Hypomagnesemia

Answer 10

< 1.6 mg/dL

Question 11

Hyponatremia

Answer 11

< 135 mEq/L

Question 12

Hypophosphatemia

Answer 12

< 2.7mg/dL

Question 13

Magnesium

Answer 13

An element concentrated in the bone, cartilage, and within the cell itself that is required for the use of adenosine triphosphate as a source of energy. It is necessary for the action of numerous enzyme systems, such as carbohydrate metabolism, protein synthesis, nucleus acid synthesis, and the contraction of muscular tissue. It also regulates neuromuscular activity and the clotting mechanism.

The normal adult level is 1.6 - 2.6 mg/dL.

Question 14

Magnesium Normal Adult Level

Answer 14

1.6 - 2.6 mg/dL

Question 15

Potassium

Answer 15

A principal electrolyte of intercellular fluid and the primary buffer within the cell itself; it is needed for nerve conduction, muscle function, acid-base balance, and osmotic pressure. In addition to calcium and magnesium, it controls the rate and force of contraction of the heart and, thus, cardiac output.

The normal adult level is 3.5 to 5.1 mEq/L.

Question 16

Potassium Normal Adult Level

Answer 16

3.5 - 5.1 mEq/L

Question 17

Hypernatremia

Answer 17

> 145 mEq/L

Question 18

Hyperphosphatemia

Answer 18

> 4.5 mg/dL

Question 19

Phosphorus

Answer 19

An element needed for the generation of bony tissue; it function in the metabolism of glucose and lipids, in the maintenance of acid-base balance, and in the storage and transfer of energy from one site in the body to another. Phosphorus levels are evaluated in relation to calcium levels because their inverse relationship: when calcium levels are ⬇️, calcium levels are ⬆️.

The normal adult level is 2.7 - 4.5 mg/dL

Question 20

Sodium

Answer 20

An abundant electrolyte that maintains osmotic pressure and acid-base balance and that transmits nerve impulses.

The normal adult level is 135 - 145 mEq/L

Question 21

Sodium Normal Adult Level

Answer 21

135 - 145 mEq/L