Pyogenic Cocci Flashcards
What are the 4 genera of Pyogenic cocci?
Staphylococcus
Streptococcus
Enterococcus
Neisseria
What are the 4 main characteristics of genus staphylococcus? (Gram stain, shape, other characteristics)
Gram positive
Coccus
Catalase positive
Normal flora on skin and nasal passages
What additive on a microscope plate do you use to test for catalase?
Peroxide
Is staphylococcus catalase + or -?
Catalase positive
Is streptococcus catalase + or -?
Catalase negative
Which bacteria has the following characteristics?
Gold and yellow colonies
Many strains, many diseases
Multifactorial
Normal floral, nosocomial, carrier state in upper respiratory tract
Coagulase Positive
Protein A in cell wall
Staphylococcus aureus
What are the 3 colonial characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus?
Golden yellow colonies
Smooth
Hemolytic
What are the steps to proving if you have Staphylococcus aureus?
Gram stain Shape Catalase Coagulase (Serology for Protein A but not routinely done and definitely not done WITH a coagulase... either one or the other)
What is the most likely organism of skin infections causing inflammation of the skin?
Staphylococcus aureus
What is the first bacteria you think of with any inflammatory skin case history?
Staphylococcus aureus
Which 3 systemic diseases may staphylococcus aureus be involved with?
Osteomyelitis
Pneumonia
Arthritis
Which bacteria causes major skin infections such as boils, abscesses, impetigo?
Staphylococcus aureus
What is the only bacteria which causes “Toxic Shock Syndrome”?
Staphylococcus Aureus
Diseases that have a specific name and are usually related to one organism only?
Named diseases
Type of disease such as meningitis, gastroenteritis, or pneumonia which can have multiple causes
Generic diseases
What are the 5 staphylococcal diseases?
Inflammatory skin lesions Impetigo Scalded skin syndrome Toxic Shock syndrome Necrotizing fasciitis (most often strep pyo.) Staphylococcal food poisoning
When you think of necrotizing fasciitis, which bacteria do you think of?
Streptococcus pyogenes (but it can be staphylococcal too)
Which named disease causes fever, vomiting, diarrhea, sore throat, muscle pain, shock?
Toxic Shock Syndrome
What does TSST-1 stand for?
Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin #1
What are the two toxins found in the blood associated with Toxic shock syndrome?
Exotoxin c (TSST-1) Enterotoxin F
What are the symptoms caused by Exotoxin c (TSST-1)? Enterotoxin F?
Exotoxin c = Fever, sore throat, generalized rash followed by desquamation of skin, muscle pain
Enterotoxin F = enteric symptoms - vomiting diarrhea
Which bacteria causes scalded skin syndrome?
Staphlyloccus aureus
What named disease has the following characteristics?
Exfoliation toxin
Top layers of skin peel away
Usually seen in very young children
Resembles a severe sunburn
What type of food poisoning is is staphylococcal food poisoning? (Food infection or intoxication)
Food intoxication
With staphylococcal food poisoning/intoxication, what is “intoxicating” you?
Enterotoxin A or D
Which bacteria causes food poisoning with the following characteristics: creamy salads, custards, “handled foods” that are not reheated or not heated at all”, may kill the organism but the toxin is heat resistant, incubation is rapid, within minutes, most often 1-2 hours, is dose dependent?
Staphylococcus
What are the symptoms of staphylococcal food poisoning?
Classic and extreme projectile and explosive diarrhea; rapid incubation (minutes to hours), runs its course in 10 hours.
What does MRSA stand for?
Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus
What is penicillinase?
A beta lab tamale that targets penicillin and a treatment for staphylococcus aureus
Which bacteria is gram positive, catalase positive, coagulase negative?
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Which bacteria is opportunistic and has the following characteristics:
Gram positive, cocci, catalase positive, coagulase negative, normal flora on skin and respiratory tract, normally sticks to things but becomes a problem when it sticks to metal and plastic, in dwelling medical devices are at risk (heart valves, catheters, prosthetics) and is life threatening if enters the blood stream?
Staphylococcus epidermidis
What characteristics/procedures (in order) would determine if you have streptococcus?
Gram stain Shape Catalase Hemolysis pattern Serology
Which genus of bacteria has the following characteristics: Gram positive, coccus, catalase negative, normal flora of the respiratory tract, spectated by hemolysis patterns and cell wall carbohydrates?
Genus Streptococcus
What does streptococcus mean?
Beads on a string
What is hemolysis?
Breakdown of red blood cells
What are the three hemolysis patterns?
Alpha, beta, gamma
Incomplete, green hemolysis
Alpha hemolysis
Complete hemolysis
Beta hemolysis
If you had streptococcus pyogenes on a blood agar, what type of hemolysis would you see?
Beta hemolysis - complete hemolysis
If you saw Streptococcus viridans on a blood agar plate, what type of hemolysis would you see?
Alpha hemolysis - green, incomplete
What is a Lancefield group?
A serological typing agglutination test for a specific antibody
“Group A Strep” “Group B strep”
Which bacteria is known as “Group B Strep”?
Streptococcus agalactiae
Which bacteria is known as “Group A Strep?”
Streptococcus pyogenes
What do Lancefield Serological Typing identify?
Carbohydrates (20+) found in the cell wall of beta and gamma streptococci (alpha streptococci do not have anything unique)
Which bacteria has the following characteristics?
Gram positive, Cocci, Group A, Beta hemolysis, bacitracin sensitive, multifactorial, aka “Strep throat”, causes such diseases as: Pharangitis, inflamed skin lesions, impetigo, scarlet fever, necrotizing fasciitis, Rhumatic fever and glomerulonephritis
Streptococcus Pyogenes
What causes scarlet fever?
Erythrogenic toxin released by streptococcus pyogenes
What bacteria do you think of FIRST when you think of Impetigo, Scarlet Fever and Necrotizing fasciitis?
Streptococcus pyogenes
What are the 4 bacteria that cause necrotizing fasciitis?
Streptococcus pyogenes
Staphylococcus aureus
Vibrio vulnificus
Aeromonas hydrophilia
Bacteria which causes necrotizing fasciitis with the following characteristics:
Gram positive, cocci, catalase negative
Streptococcus pyogenes
Bacteria which causes necrotizing fasciitis with the following characteristics:
Gram positive, cocci, catalase positive
Staphylococcus aureus
Bacteria which causes necrotizing fasciitis with the following characteristics:
Gram negative, found in gulf costal waters
Vibrio vulnificus
Bacteria which causes necrotizing fasciitis with the following characteristics:
Gram negative, found in fresh water
Aeromonas hydrophilia
Which two autoimmune diseases may adults develop if they had streptococcus pyogenes as a child?
Rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis
Which bacteria is the only one that causes neonatal meningitis?
Streptococcus agalactiae
How would you tell the top two beta hemolytic streptococci apart?
Run Lancefield groupings:
Streptococcus pyogenes = Group A Strep
Streptococcus agalactaiae = Group B Strep
What specific conditions would make you consider Streptococcus agalactaiae over Streptococcus Pyogenes?
Streptococcus agalactaiae is the only cause of neonatal meningitis and the baby acquires it when passing through an infected birth canal. Streptococcus pyogenies DOES NOT cause meningitis
