pyelonephritis Flashcards
urosepsis
systemic infection from urologic source
prompt diagnosis critical can lead to sepsis/death
glomerulonephritis
kidney inflammation of the renal glomerulus - third leading cause of ESKD (ESRD) in the US
end stage renal/kidney disease
glomerulonephritis caused by
immunological reaction
APSGN
acute post streptococcal glomularnephritis occurs 15-21 days post strep infection
glomerulonephritis caused by these infections
PSGN, infective endocariditis, viral infections: HIV, HBV, HCV
glomerulonephritis caused by these Immune diseases
SLE scleroderma- lupus good pasture syndrome vasculitis - polyarteritis Others- HT, diabetic nephropathy
chronic high blood sugar leads to
chronic kidney disease leading to dialysis
glomerulonephritis manifestations
gross hematuria,
dark smokey cola colored
oliguria (large amount of dilute urine) anuria
red cell casts and proteinuria
fluid retention-edema
moderate to severe hypertension
fever, chills, headache, flank pain, weakness, pallor
anorexia, N/V, Uremia
anasarca (generalized edema throughout the body)
glomerulonephritis DX
history, urinalysis- RBC, proteinuria, low pH
serum- BUN, Creatinine, GFR, Hb, WBC, antistreptolysin-O titers (ASO)
Renal Biopsy (14g needle to pull out tissue to assess- interventions- pain control keep pt on that side for an hour to help stop bleeding)
glomerulonephritis TX
corticosteroids, immmunosuppressants, anti-hypertensives, diuretics, restrict sodium and K intake, high CHO and low protein diet, fluid restriction as needed, plasmapheresis (gets rid of immune response- cleaning plasma by replacing it with donor plasma) or dialysis
glomerulonephritis complcations
heart failure
encephalopathy (confusion)
pulmonary edema ( heart failure = fluid overload)
pleural effusion
ascites (when liver gets fluid overloaded)
renal failure
ESKD
1 L of fluid weighs
1kg
kidney stones =
urinary tract calculi
nephrolithiasis
urinary tract calculi
nephrolithiasis more common in
men fam hx hx of previous stone 20-55yrs more in summer
stone formation factors
metabolic, genetic, climate lifestyle, diet, activity level
where could pain from bladder trauma be felt at?
It can often be felt in the shoulder due to the phrenic nerve
Pyuria
pus in the urine
anuria
urine output of <100mL/day
azotemia
retention of nitrogenous waste products in the blood
hemodialysis
dialysis via the blood stream
peritoneal dialysis
dialysis via the peritoneal cavity
oliguria
urinary output of < 400mL/day (scant urine)
urolithiasis
formation of urinary stones or calculi (calculi are formed in the ureter)
nephrolithiasis
formation of kidney stones- formed in the renal parenchyma
isosthenuria,or more commonly simply called polyuria
early production of large quantities of dilute urine
although polyuria just means large amounts of urine, but does not denote any concentration issues.
nephrons
functional units of the kidney
