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PYB102 N > PYB102 > Flashcards

PYB102 Flashcards

1
Q

The fluid-filled cavities within the brain are called:

A

The Cerebral Ventricles

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2
Q

Yukiko’s left arm is weak after she suffered a blow to the right side of her
head during a rugby match. Which of the following best explains why this
might be so?

A

Contralateral Arrangement

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3
Q

Which of these aphasias is characterised by good comprehension ability:

A

Conduction aphasia and Broca’s aphasia

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4
Q

REM sleep in humans is characterised by:

A

Low amplitude, high-frequency EEG

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5
Q

Hindbrain contains which structures

A

Medulla, pons, cerrebellum and reticular formation

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6
Q

What are Theta waves?

A

High altitude, low frequency waves

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7
Q

Midbrain

A

2 parts or colliculi; superior and inferior

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8
Q

A patient is looking at an image on the left with their right eye. The image is projected onto
the left side of their brain. This is an example of what type of function?

A

Contralateral Arrarngement

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9
Q

Brian has just burned his finger on a hot stove. He pulls the finger away immediately and is
now experiencing pain. What lobe would be primarily processing the stimuli?

A

Parietal Lobe

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10
Q

James sustained damage to his frontal lobes in an accident. Following the
accident, his behaviour is characterised by impulsivity, a lack of regard for the feelings of others, rapid changes in emotion, and socially inappropriate
behaviour. James is most likely to have sustained injury to which frontal area?

A

Orbitofrontal cortex

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11
Q

What type of matter is the corpus callosum made of and what does that type of matter consist mostly of?

A

is made up of tightly packed neurons that is fatty (myelin sheath) and is made of white matter

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12
Q

What does the CNS consist of?

A

Brain and Spinal Cord

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13
Q

The end of semester multi-choice exam is most likely to test your ______ memory?

A

Recognition

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14
Q

What is the function of the medulla?

A

Controls functions vital for survival

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15
Q

What does ‘Pons’ mean, and what cluster of nuclei has an influence on consciousness and alertness?

A

Pons means bridge and the reticular formation has an influence on our levels of consciousness and alterness

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16
Q

Where are the nodes of Ranvier located?

A

Located between the breaks in the myelin sheath

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17
Q

What is the sympathetic division responsible for?

A

Fight or flight

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18
Q

What are neurons?

A

Basic functional unit of the nervous system

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19
Q

What is the purpose of the glial cell?

A

Nourish, protect and physically support neurons

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20
Q

What makes up a neuron?

A

Dendrites, the soma, axon, terminal buttons and myelin

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21
Q

What is an action potential?

A

A brief reversal in the resting charge of the neuron. It is triggered by an exchange of ions across the neuron membrane.

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22
Q

What is the parasympathetic division responsible for?

A

Rest and digest

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23
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

Primary visual cortex

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24
Q

Light falling on the point in the retina at which the optic nerve enters the eye:

A

Cannot be seen

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25
Q

How do we get from seeing points of light to seeing objects?

A

We have a system for enhancing edges

26
Q

What are the two types of photoreceptors and what are they responsible for?

A

Cones - colour vision, high acuity

Rods - Black and white vision, low acuity

27
Q

From the outside layer to the inside layer, what is the order of meninges responsible for
protecting the brain and spinal cord?

A

Dura matter, arachnoid membrane & pia matter

28
Q

Which of the following is the best explanation of the difference between
emotion and mood?

A

Emotions are more immediate and transient when compared to mood

29
Q

What is agnosia?

A

Inability to recognise objects

30
Q

What happens if you damage the parietal lobe?

A

You’ll have problems with spatial awareness

31
Q

A group of axons travelling together in the peripheral nervous system is called
a:

A

Nerve

32
Q

In the hindbrain, the cerebellum is responsible for which function?

A

Coordinating and controlling movement

33
Q

Sarah hears a noise indicative of a nearby predator. Her heart begins to race and the rest of
her body readies itself for a potential fight. What nervous system is responsible for this?

A

Sympathetic nervous system

34
Q

The dendrites are responsible for which function?

A

Receiving messages from other neurons

35
Q

The all-or-none principle, give a brief description of what this means

A

If the threshold level is reached, an action potential of a fixed sized will always fire. For any given neuron, the size of the action potential is always the same.
Therefore, the neuron either does not reach the threshold or a full action potential is fired.

36
Q

. “I’m sad because I cry” is a statement that best aligns with which of the
following theories of emotion:

A

James-Lange

37
Q

In centre-surround receptive fields, illumination of the centre is ____ while
illumination of the surround is ______

A

Inhibitory; excitatory

38
Q

Which one of the cells in the visual cortex responds to an edge at a particular orientation
but falling anywhere within a wider field and may alsorespondto the direction of motion?

A

Complex cells

39
Q

True or false: Blindsight is the unconscious, but not conscious, awareness of a visual
stimulus.

A

True

40
Q

Explain the difference between maintenance rehearsal and elaborative
rehearsal in encoding memory.

A

maintenance rehearsal is superficial while elaborative is more meaningful

41
Q

What is iconic and echoic memory?

A

Iconic - related to visual system; echoic - related to the auditory system

42
Q

What is the primacy effect?

A

memory best for things learned first

43
Q

What is the recency effect?

A

memory also good for things learned last (but mostly this is STM contribution to the task)

44
Q

What kind of information is carried along the dorsal roots of the spinal cord?

A

Sensory information from muscles and skin

45
Q

What is declarative memory?

A

Things you can TELL to others

46
Q

What is nondelcarative memory?

A

Things you know you can do by SHOWING

47
Q

Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

A

The DLPFC and its circuitry is involved in higher order cognitive operations.

48
Q

Orbitofrontal cortex

A

Related to eye; It is responsible for executive processing of emotional stimuli.

49
Q

Mediofrontal cortex

A 
Response monitoring (control and monitoring of action), Error detection, Deciding between competing responses
Motivation or drive behaviour
50
Q

Chunking refers to:

A

using knowledge stored in LTM to group information and thus expand STM.

51
Q

The sleep stage REM is characterised by:

A

A loss of core-muscle tone, and a low amplitude, high-frequency EEG.

52
Q

The shallowest level of processing when learning a list of words?(Craik and Tulving 1975)

A

Is the word presented in red ink? (superficial)

53
Q

Emotion is _____ while mood is more ____

A

transient (doesn’t dominate for the long-term); Pervasive

54
Q

What is james-lange theory?

A

emotions occur as a result of physiological reactions to events

55
Q

“The dogs make me tremble and feel afraid”

A

Cannon-Bard

56
Q

“I label my trembling as fear because I appraise the situation as dangerous”

A

Schachter

57
Q

What are the functions of the hypothalamus?

A

Fighting, fleeing, fornication, feeding

58
Q

Acquired brain injury is used to describe:

A

All types of brain injury that occur after birth

59
Q

Explain the difference between ‘Coup” and ‘Contrecoup”

A

Coup - primary impact; Contrecoup - secondary impact

60
Q

What is Ischaemic stroke

A

thrombosis or embolism

61
Q

What is Haemorrhagic stroke?

A

rupturing of an aneurysm

62
Q

What are the main types of stokes?

A

Thombotiv and embolic

PYB102 N (1 decks)

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