PY Final Flashcards
Edmund wants to identify relatively consistent patterns of thought and behavior, measure these traits, and determine how these traits interact in a particular context to determine how a person will behave in any given situation. Edmund wants to conduct research in the area of ________.
Personality psychology
Calisha and Renata are discussing arsonists. Calisha has been reading the work of a __________ psychologist and believes that fire-setting behavior might be linked to hormonal imbalances. Renata has been reading the work of a __________ psychologist and believes that fire-setting is a behavior that is supported by group processes.
Biological; social
The tasks of a(n) __________ psychologist include improving supervisors’ leadership skills, creating maximum-efficiency work groups, and suggesting other research-based programs designed to increase efficiency.
Industrial and organizational
. The modern age of psychology began when
Wilhelm Wundt established the first psychology research laboratory at the University of Leipzig.
“Anything that cannot be observed and measured directly is not worth studying.” Which psychologists are most likely to agree with this statement?
John B. Watson and B. F. Skinner
Your friend claims that altruism, cooperation, aggression, and other social behaviors increase the chances of human survival and are genetically encoded and passed on from generation to generation. Your friend is supporting
the evolutionary approach
Dr. Mueller is interested in studying eating disorders. Her hypothesis is that abnormal eating behavior is learned through previous successes and failures with restrictive diet programs. She most likely follows which school of psychological thought?
Behavioral
What was the primary conclusion of Stanley Milgram’s obedience research?
Average people will harm others if told to do so by an authority figure.
. The only way to establish a cause-and-effect relationship between two variables is to conduct a(n) __________.
Experiment
The prediction that “bright colors will make people happier” is called a(n)
Hypothesis
Dr. Zumbahlen is conducting a research study in which she is interested in the effects of aerobic activity on weight loss. Aerobic activity is defined by thirty minutes of exercise on the treadmill three times a week. This specific way of defining aerobic activity is referred to as a(n) __________ definition.
Operational
. Shantae is doing an experiment on how anxious people will feel if they are told that they did not do well on an intelligence test. She asks her participants to rate how nervous, upset, and anxious they feel on a scale from 1 (not at all) to 7 (very). Participant’s anxiety is a(n) __________.
Dependent variable
. Jason answered a series of vocabulary and reading comprehension questions on a web site. When he finished, the site gave him a rating of intelligence. “I don’t think that test really measured intelligence,” thought Jason. Jason is questioning the test’s
Validity
A disadvantage most associated with the __________ research method is that people who know they are being studied may alter their normal behavior
Naturalistic observation
Devine et al. are interested in assessing whether active versus passive play causes a preference for sweet or salty foods in toddlers. They assign groups of children to either an active play, passive play, or no play group and record their food choices when presented with a variety of sweet and salty foods. In this study, ________ is the independent variable and ________ is the control group
type of play; no play
Dr. Jiminez investigated the influence of snacking on the onset of sleep in preschool children. One group of preschoolers ate a candy bar prior to bedtime, and the other group ate nothing. Time until the onset of sleep was recorded for each child. In this experiment, eating or not eating the snack is the __________ variable, and the time until the onset of sleep is the __________ variable
independent; dependent
. Laura conducted a study to determine whether her new “puppet” therapy works better than the traditional “talking” therapy. After randomly assigning her own patients to either the “puppet” or “talking” group, Laura herself administered the therapy. This study is most obviously flawed due t
Experimenter bias
. As you go south from Maine to Florida, your latitude decreases, but the average daily temperature goes up. This illustrates a
Negative correlation
Biff has discovered a correlation of –0.83 between the amount of time his fraternity brothers spend working out in the gym and the number of dates they have during the semester. Based on this information, Biff should conclude that
the more the men work out, the fewer dates they have.
A group of preschool-age children are enrolled in a study that plans to follow them over time in order to assess behaviors and other characteristics that may predict later development of schizophrenia. This is an example of a(n) ________ design
Longitudinal
Neurons have some similarities with other cells in the human body. Which of the following characteristics is seen in neurons, but not in most other cells?
The ability to transmit signals to other cells
If the myelin sheathing on neurons is absent or removed in a given individual, he or she will exhibit difficulties in speaking, vision, and balance because without myelin the
speed of neural conduction along critical paths will be too slow.
In a resting state, _____ is at a higher concentration outside the cell and ______ is more concentrated inside the cell. At the beginning of an action potential (before the peak of action potential), the sodium levels ________ inside the cell.
sodium; potassium; increase
A neuron evokes the action potential of another neuron by releasing the __________ into the synapse before they fit into the __________ of the other neuron.
neurotransmitters; neural receptors
Nilam accidentally touches the hot burner on the stove. Sensory information about the pain and heat will be carried to her brain by the __________ nervous system, her heart rate will increase as a result of activation by the __________ nervous system, and when she calms down the __________ nervous system will slow her heart rate down
somatic; sympathetic; parasympathetic
After an accident, Stella was left with brain damage. Now it’s impossible for Stella to study for a test because she can’t keep knowledge in her memory for more than 3 minutes. Stella has most likely damaged her ___________, but she might still be able to learn to _________________.
Hippocampus ; ride a bike
Tyra has a brain tumor that affects her language capabilities. When Tyra’s doctor asks her about a picture of a bird, Tyra responds, “Wings in the sky fly high. Soar through air with a suitcase.” Tyra’s fluent but confused response indicates that she most likely suffers damage in her
Wernicke’s area.
While waiting to begin his college entrance exam, John becomes nervous. As a result, his medulla begins to functions differently. This will cause a change in h
heart rate and breathing
In the middle school play of “Braintastic,” Joss plays the part of one of the forebrain structures. During her lines, she says, “I am like a relay station. I send signals from the senses to higher levels of the brain to make sense of the information.” Joss is playing the part of the
thalamus.
________ is related to Parkinson’s disease.
Dopamine
Suppose that the left hemisphere of Jamal’s brain is damaged, but the right hemisphere is left intact. Jamal would be most likely to experience a deficit in his ability to
Converse with friends
________ refers to the way that sensory information is interpreted and consciously experienced; ________ refers to what happens when sensory information is detected by a sensory receptor.
Perception; sensation
During his adventures around the galaxy, Arthur Dent relied on an earpiece that deciphered all the strange alien languages he heard. Similarly, receptors in the ear encode sound waves into neural activity that the brain can understand, a process called
Transduction
You notice movement out of the corner of your eye and you turn in the direction of the movement so that you can “see better.” A squirrel is scurrying away. You could see this only after your head movement allowed you to project the image onto the part of the retina with the highest concentration of __________ called the __________
Cones; fovea
While daydreaming, Felix was staring at a yellow school bus. When he then looked at a white wall he saw the color __________. This is best explained by the __________ theory.
blue; opponent-process
After an accidence, the doctor told Jason that he may need a(n) ________ implant because his ear is unable to convert sound vibrations into neural activities now
Cochlea
Hair cells located near the base of the basilar membrane respond best to ____________ sounds.
High-frequency
__________ principles of perception suggests that we are more likely to perceived this as two continuous flowing lines rather than four jagged, broken lines
Gestalt
___________ is the name for chemicals that an animal can secret to change another animal’s behavior and physiology
Pheromones
Rajesh smells the perfume of his ex-girlfriend and this causes him to feel sad. All of the following structures are involved in Rajesh’s experience except his
Thalamus
