PWAD 489 Final Flashcards
First three words of iliad
Menin aeide thea
First seven lines of the Illiad
Sing, goddes, the anger of Peleus’ son Achilleus
and its devastation, which put pains thousandfold upon the Achaians,
hurled in their multitudes to the house of Hades strong souls
of heroes, but gave their bodies to be the delicate feasting
of dogs, of all birds, and the will of Zeus was accomplished
since that time when first their stood in division of conflict
Atreus; son the lord of men and brilliant Achilleus
Book 1 of the Iliad
The poet invokes a muse
the Achaeans sack a Trojan-allied town
Agamemnon takes Chryseis as his prize, and Achilles claims Briseis.
Chryses, Chryseis’s father and a priest of Apollo, begs for her return, but Agamemnon refuses.
Apollo sends a plague upon the Greek camp in retaliation, causing many deaths.
After ten days, Achilles calls for a soothsayer, Calchas, who reveals the cause of the plague as Apollo’s vengeance.
Agamemnon demands Briseis as compensation for returning Chryseis.
Athena intervenes to prevent a duel between Achilles and Agamemnon.
Agamemnon returns Chryseis to her father and sends heralds to take Briseis from Achilles’ tent.
Achilles prays to his mother, Thetis, to ask Zeus to punish the Achaeans.
Thetis promises to appeal to Zeus.
Odysseus returns Chryseis to her father and makes sacrifices to Apollo, ending the plague.
Achilles refuses to participate in battle due to his feud with Agamemnon.
Thetis appeals to Zeus again after twelve days, who reluctantly agrees to aid the Trojans.
Hera becomes angry but is persuaded by Hephaestus not to incite conflict among the gods.
Achilles and agamemnon
achaeans
Apollo
Greek god of the sun. he sends a plagues upon the greek camp when chryses (a trojan priest of his) prays to him
Calchas
A powerful seer among the Greeks who reveals to achilles the cause of the plague sent by Apollo
Athena
goddess of wisdom, warfare, and strategy, who intervenes to prevent a duel between Achilles and Agamemnon.
Hera
wife of Zeus, and patroness of the Greeks,
Nestor
An elderly and wise advisor among the Greeks
Thetis
mother of Achilles, who intercedes on her son’s behalf with Zeus to punish the Greeks for Agamemnon’s actions.
what does nestor do in book 1 of the iliad
Nestor provides counsel and wisdom during the assembly where Agamemnon and Achilles quarrel over the distribution of spoils.
what does thetis do
When Achilles feels aggrieved by Agamemnon’s actions and decides to withdraw from the battle, Thetis appeals to Zeus to punish the Greeks for Agamemnon’s behavior
What happens in book 22 of the Iliad
Hector, the last Trojan outside Troy, feels ashamed to retreat after giving overconfident orders the previous night.
Priam urges Hector to come inside, but Hector refuses.
Achilles returns from chasing Apollo, and Hector confronts him, considering negotiation but realizing the futility.
Hector flees with Achilles in pursuit, circling the city walls three times.
Zeus considers saving Hector, but Athena persuades him otherwise.
Athena, disguised as Deiphobus, convinces Hector to confront Achilles.
Hector and Achilles exchange spear throws.
Hector realizes the gods have betrayed him.
Hector charges Achilles wearing Achilles’ old armor.
Achilles, knowing the armor’s weak points, fatally wounds Hector.
Hector begs Achilles to return his body to the Trojans for burial.
Achilles refuses, opting to let scavenger birds and dogs maul Hector’s body.
Achilles ties Hector’s body to his chariot and drags it through the dirt.
Priam, Hecuba, and Andromache witness the scene from the city walls and mourn Hector’s death.
king priam
King Priam is the last king of Troy during the Trojan War and the father of Hector and Paris
Athena in disguise
Deiphobus
Andromache
wife of hector
who is hector and andromache’s son?
Astyanax
who is hecuba
wife of King Priam of Troy, father of paris and hector
cassandra
daughter of King Priam and Queen Hecuba of Troy. she often makes prophecies about the future which are ignored
leda and the swan
leda is raped by zeus in the form of a swan. She births two children and lays two eggs. One of the children is Helen of Troy.
what happens to astyanax
Achilles throws Astyanax from the walls of Troy,
how does achilles die
Achilles is killed during the Trojan War by Paris, the prince of Troy. Paris shoots Achilles with an arrow, aiming for his vulnerable heel—the only part of his body not invulnerable due to his mother Thetis dipping him in the River Styx as a baby. This act fulfills the prophecy of Achilles’ death, marking the end of the hero’s life and the culmination of his role in the Trojan War.
Patroclus
fights alongside Achilles for the Greeks until Achilles refuses to fight, and then takes Achilles’ armor and helmet into battle. Patroclus tricks the troops into thinking Achilles has returned to lead them, and goes on a killing spree, attempting to take the walls of Troy four times. However, Apollo stops him each time, and he is eventually killed by Hector. Patroclus’s death convinces Achilles to fight again for the Greeks.
who is menelaus
husband of helen. engages in single combat with Paris, the abductor of Helen, during a truce in the Trojan War
who is ajax
cousin of Achilles. fights hector in single combat
who is paris
prince of Troy and the son of King Priam and Queen Hecuba. He is also known as Alexander. starts trojan war by taking helen
who is Peleus
father of achilles husband of thetis
iliad language
ancient greek
The first three lines of Beowulf in Old English
Hwæt we gardena in geardagum
þeodcyninga þrym gefrunon
hu ða æþelingas ellen fremedon!
sigmund digression of beowulf
In Beowulf, the Sigemund digression occurs after Beowulf defeats Grendel and while he is returning to Heorot. A thane recites a song that tells the story of Sigemund, a cultural hero who became famous for killing a dragon and gaining possession of its treasure hoard.
translate first three lines of beowulf
so! the Spear-Danes in days of yore
We have learned of the glory of those great kings,
how those princes what was daring
who might be the scop
unferth?
finn fragment
Hildeburh, Hnæf’s sister, was married to Finn, leader of the Frisians, in an effort to make peace between the two tribes. She mourned for the loss of her brother, Hnæf, whose funeral pyre was shared by the son of herself and Finn. After the battle, Finn and a Hengest make a loyalty pact. Hengest is a leader among Hnæf’s surviving warriors. Hnæf’s men are to stay in Finnesburgh, for the winter. In the end, Hengest is overcome by vengeance and slaughters Finn and his men in their own mead hall. He then loots the hall and takes Hildeburh back “to her people”
Hnaef
brother of hildeburh and danish warrior. dies in battle
hildeburh
danish sister of hnaef. marries finn
finn
frisian king marries hildeburh the dane
hengest
danish warrior. makes a pact with finn the frisian but breaks it to avenge hnaef’s death
beowulf and volsunga
Beowulf includes a story about Sigemund and a dragon, may be the first appearance of the Volsunga Saga.
volsunga saga
King Siggeir of the Goths
Went to meet Volsung and prayed to wife his daughter signy
Signy weds king Siggeir and he becomes king
There is a feast
There is a tree
A man unknown to all men comes in and sinks his sword into the tree
Sigmund, Signy and Siggeir’s son pulls it loose
Sigmund offends Siggeir and they are attacked and ties to oak tree
Nine nights came the she-wolf of at midnight and kills the brethren one by one
On the Tenth night the she wolf does not kill Sigmund
Sigmund bites off her tongue and kills her
Some say the she-wolf was the mother of king Siggeir
who is sigmund
son of signy and siggeir. pulls the sword from the tree
who is signy
mother of sigmund
who is siggeir
husband of signy, father of sigmund
ingeld
member of the heathobards and son of king froda.
ingeld digression
Having defeated the Heathobards and killing Ingeld’s father Froda, Hrothgar matches up his daughter Freawaru with Ingeld while hoping this marriage would “heal old wounds/and grievous feuds”
Froda
ingelds father. killed by hrothgar the dane
Freawaru
daughter of hrothgar. married to ingeld by hrothgar to heal old wounds
anaeid
Virgil opens the epic poem “Aeneid” by invoking a muse and introducing the subject of warfare and a man at war, Aeneas.
Aeneas, a Trojan prince, is fleeing the ruins of Troy with his people, seeking a new home in Italy, but they face challenges from the vengeful Juno, who harbors anger toward Aeneas and his descendants.
Juno’s grudge against Troy stems from Paris’s judgment favoring Venus over her in a beauty contest.
Juno enlists Aeolus to unleash a storm on Aeneas’s fleet, but Neptune intervenes to calm the waters, allowing Aeneas’s ships to reach the coast of Libya.
Venus pleads with Jupiter to help Aeneas, and Jupiter assures her that Aeneas’s destiny is to find a home in Italy and establish a great empire.
Aeneas encounters Dido, the queen of Carthage, who welcomes him and his companions and offers them aid.
Venus disguises herself and tells Aeneas the story of Dido’s past, including her flight from Tyre and the founding of Carthage.
Aeneas and his companions are warmly received by Dido, and Cupid, disguised as Aeneas’s son, inflames Dido’s passion for Aeneas.
Dido invites Aeneas to tell his story, and she becomes enamored with him as he recounts his adventures since leaving Troy.
judgement of paris
a golden apple inscribed “to the fairest one” that the goddess of discord, Eris, throws into a banquet held by the gods. The goddesses Hera, Athena, and Aphrodite all claim the apple, and Zeus asks Paris, the mortal son of King Priam of Troy, to choose the fairest. Each goddess bribes Paris with a gift, and Paris chooses Aphrodite, who promises him the love of the most beautiful mortal woman, Helen of Sparta. Paris takes Helen to Troy, which leads to the Greeks invading Troy to get her back, and the Trojan War.
peace kent
Peace, Kent
Come not between the dragon and his wrath.
137 I loved her most and thought to set my rest
138 On her kind nursery. (To Cordelia.) Hence and avoid
139 my sight!—
Chapter 5: the hour of the gunboat - 5 Ws
Who
John bowring
What:
Wishes to revise the treaty of nanking to open more trade to Britain
why
The treaty promised the free access to canton but had so far been denied
Where:
Canton
When: 1848
1848
John bowring attempt to revise the treaty of nanking
chapter 6: a tale of two systems
Who: percy cradock and chris patten (hong kong’s last governor)
what :
- chris pattens unilateral reforms prompt the breakdown of sino-british relations
why: cradock and patten
publicly blamed each other during the final years of British administration of Hong Kong.
where: hong kong
when : June 1997
Chapter 4 - Heaven is high, the emperor distant
Who
- Viscount George MaCartney
What:
- 3 ships filled with goods to china
- fail to kowtow (subservience) and the Chinese take offence
- The mission failed
Where:
- Portsmouth harbour
Why:
- open up china to British trade
When:
- 1792
what has ingeld got to do with christ?
797, Alcuin wrote a letter to a Bishop questioning the monks’ interest in heroic legends with: What has Ingeld to do with Christ?
