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Preventative veterinary medicine > PVM > Flashcards

PVM Flashcards

1
Q

What are the core dog vaccines?

UK / Slovakia

A

UK

  • Distemper
  • Hepatitis
  • Parvo
  • Lepto
Slovs
-Distemper 
Hepatitis 
Parvo 
Lepto 
Rabies
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2
Q

Non-core dog vaccines?

UK/Slovakia

A

UK

  • Kennel cough
  • Rabies
  • Leishmaniasis
  • Borrelia (Lymes)

Slovs

  • Kennel Cough
  • Borrelia
  • Microsporum
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3
Q

Core cat vaccines?

UK/Slovakia

A

UK

  • Feline panleukopenia
  • Cat flu (calici + herpes)

Slovs

  • Panleukopenia
  • Cat flu (calici + herpes)
  • Rabies
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4
Q

Non-core cat vaccines?

UK/Slovakia

A

UK

  • Feine leukaemia virus
  • chlamydia felis
  • Rabies
  • Boardatella bronchisepta

Slovs

  • Chlamydia
  • Feline leukaemia
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5
Q

Equine vaccines?

UK/Slovakia

A

UK

  • Influenza
  • Tetanus
  • Strangles (strep equi)
  • Equine herpes virus

Slovs

  • Influenza
  • strangles
  • tetanus
  • rhinopneumonitis
  • west nile virus
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6
Q

Ferret vaccines?

UK/Slovakia

A

UK

  • Rabies
  • Distemper

Slovakia

  • Rabies
  • Distemper
  • Aujesky’s (pseudorabies)
  • Botulism
  • collibacteriosis
  • salmonellosis
  • dermatophytosis
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7
Q

Cattle vaccines?

Calves/Dairy cows

A

Calves

  • BVDV 1 + 2
  • IBR
  • IP (pneumonia) 3
  • Ringworm
  • salmonella
  • lungworm (Dictiocaulus viviparus)

Dairy cow

  • BVDV 1 + 2
  • IBR
  • IP3
  • Leptospirosis
  • Coliform mastitis
  • tetanus
  • salmonellosis
  • rotavirus
  • coronavirus
  • e.coli

NOT RECOMMENDED/EMERGENCY ONLY

  • FMD
  • TB
  • ParaTB
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8
Q

Poultry Vaccines?

A 
Day 1  - MD, ND
Week 1 - IB
Week 2 - Pox + ILT
Week 3 - ND + IBD
Week 5 - IB
week 8 - Pox
week 10 - ILT
week 12 - IB
week 18 - Mycoplasma gallisepticum
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9
Q

What is an allergy/allergic reaction?

A

An abnormal reaction of the body to a previously encountered allergen introduced by inhalation, ingestion, injection, or skin contact.

ACID
Allergic - Type 1 hypersensitivity (IgE) can happen after vaccine -> anaphylaxis

Cytotoxic - Type 2 (IgE IgM) touches cell membrane, complement mediated, leads to cell lysis -> neonatal erythrolysis

Immune mediated - Type 3 (Antigen/Antibody immunocomplex) build up and affect organs, not cells

Delayed - Type 4 (Delayed reaction)

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10
Q

What is a simultaneous tuberculin test?

A

Day 1 - two sites clipped on neck. Skin thickness measured.

Into these two sites we apply M.bovis and M.avium in their respective spots.

Day 4 (72 hours) - we measure the reaction of the bovine site in comparison to the avian site.

Interpretation:
If bovine site is....larger than the avian site.....
<2mm - negative 
2-4mm - dubious 
>4mm - positive
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11
Q

What is post exposure prophylaxis?

A

PEP - medical treatment started after exposure to a pathogen to prevent clinical manifestation of a disease

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12
Q

Which bacteria cause abortion?

A 
Brucella abortus 
Listeria monocytogenes 
Chlamydia
Campylobacter 
Leptospirosis
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13
Q

3 factors in vaccine efficacy?

A

Vaccine form -

  • live
  • attenuated
  • killed

Host factors -

  • maternal Ab’s present
  • immunosuppressed
  • concurrent disease
  • breed

Human factors -

  • incorrect application route
  • poor timing
  • poor adherence to protocol
  • incorrect storage

Environmental?
-stress? (affects host factors)

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14
Q

Define “eradication”.

A

The permanent reduction of a disease of world wide incidence which is caused by a specific etiological agent to zero. Continued intervention is no longer required. - ​Rinderpest

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15
Q

What is “WAHIS”?

A

World animal health and information system

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16
Q

2 vaccines that can be given orally?

A

Rabies
CSF (Hog cholera)
Aujesky’s (pseudorabies)

17
Q

Ages of vaccination for dogs and cats?

A

Puppies - 8 weeks –> 10 weeks

Kittens - 10 weeks –> 12/13 weeks

18
Q

Types of resistance?

A

Non-specific - hygiene, nutrition, environment

Specific - vaccination

19
Q

What are buffer zones?

A

first buffer zone - Protection zone
(3km around outbreak)

Second buffer zone - Surveillance zone (10km around the outbreak)

Vector borne diseases (like bluetongue or west nile virus) have a surveillance zone of up to 150Km

20
Q

When is a disease declared “liquidated”?

A

After the last infected animals has been cured/culled.

The observation time (based on incubation period) must be passed with no new presentations of the disease or suspected cases of the disease.

Liquidation is declared after the final disinfection

21
Q

When is treatment forbidden?

A

If listed in a specific OIE list
Any zoonotic salmonellosis
mycobacteriosis
prionoses

22
Q

When is treatment “not recommended”?

Cross species,
Cattle,
Sheep,
Horses,
Swine,
Dogs + Cats, 
Birds
A

Cross species

  • Rabies
  • FMD
  • TB
  • Tularemia
  • Brucella

Cattle

  • Rinderpest
  • Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia

Sheep

  • Bluetongue
  • scrapie
  • Maedi-Visna

Horses

  • glanders
  • AHS
  • EIA

Pigs

  • CSF (cholera)
  • ASF

Dogs and cats
-Toxoplasmosis

Birds 
-Fowl plague (HPAI)
-ND
-Pasturellosis (cholera)
ILT
23
Q

What makes a good vaccine?

A

stimulates an immune responce
long lasting immunity
safe
affordable

24
Q

Types of detection?

A

Passive - accidental findings at exam or PM

Active - focused on determining an epizootological situation of one or more infectious diseases in a herd, village, district, region, state

25
Q

What are inactivated vaccines?

What other types are there?

A

Inactivated vaccine - killed microbes

Live - original strain of the microbe

Attenuated vaccines - original microbe with stunted conditions (environmentally or a weaker strain of same agent)

Subunit vaccines - use of only part of the microbe (cell wall, DNA part)

Anatoxins - inactivated products of microbe metabolism

Synthetic - gene engineered vaccines

26
Q

What is an adjuvant?

A

substance added to a vaccine to promote immunogenicity by trapping Ag’s at sites where they are accessible by lymphocytes and immunoglobulins and induce antigen-presenting cells to express co-stimulatory molecules such as CD80

27
Q

What could cause vaccine failure?

A 
Vaccine given too late 
wrong strain 
animal already infected 
prior passive immunisation (no response from animal) 
immunosuppression 
incorrect administration route 
death of a live vaccine
28
Q

What does a diagnostic diagram show?

A

Number + frequency of exams
categories and species of animals
size of examined animal groups
used diagnostic methods

29
Q

Infectious disease diagnostics

A

Preventative - regular therapeutic, diagnostic and immunoprophylactic interventions

Targeted - in case of infectious disease suspicion, inside the infection focus (before transport) or protected zone

Preventative veterinary medicine (1 decks)

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