PVM Flashcards
What are the core dog vaccines?
UK / Slovakia
UK
- Distemper
- Hepatitis
- Parvo
- Lepto
Slovs -Distemper Hepatitis Parvo Lepto Rabies
Non-core dog vaccines?
UK/Slovakia
UK
- Kennel cough
- Rabies
- Leishmaniasis
- Borrelia (Lymes)
Slovs
- Kennel Cough
- Borrelia
- Microsporum
Core cat vaccines?
UK/Slovakia
UK
- Feline panleukopenia
- Cat flu (calici + herpes)
Slovs
- Panleukopenia
- Cat flu (calici + herpes)
- Rabies
Non-core cat vaccines?
UK/Slovakia
UK
- Feine leukaemia virus
- chlamydia felis
- Rabies
- Boardatella bronchisepta
Slovs
- Chlamydia
- Feline leukaemia
Equine vaccines?
UK/Slovakia
UK
- Influenza
- Tetanus
- Strangles (strep equi)
- Equine herpes virus
Slovs
- Influenza
- strangles
- tetanus
- rhinopneumonitis
- west nile virus
Ferret vaccines?
UK/Slovakia
UK
- Rabies
- Distemper
Slovakia
- Rabies
- Distemper
- Aujesky’s (pseudorabies)
- Botulism
- collibacteriosis
- salmonellosis
- dermatophytosis
Cattle vaccines?
Calves/Dairy cows
Calves
- BVDV 1 + 2
- IBR
- IP (pneumonia) 3
- Ringworm
- salmonella
- lungworm (Dictiocaulus viviparus)
Dairy cow
- BVDV 1 + 2
- IBR
- IP3
- Leptospirosis
- Coliform mastitis
- tetanus
- salmonellosis
- rotavirus
- coronavirus
- e.coli
NOT RECOMMENDED/EMERGENCY ONLY
- FMD
- TB
- ParaTB
Poultry Vaccines?
Day 1 - MD, ND Week 1 - IB Week 2 - Pox + ILT Week 3 - ND + IBD Week 5 - IB week 8 - Pox week 10 - ILT week 12 - IB week 18 - Mycoplasma gallisepticum
What is an allergy/allergic reaction?
An abnormal reaction of the body to a previously encountered allergen introduced by inhalation, ingestion, injection, or skin contact.
ACID
Allergic - Type 1 hypersensitivity (IgE) can happen after vaccine -> anaphylaxis
Cytotoxic - Type 2 (IgE IgM) touches cell membrane, complement mediated, leads to cell lysis -> neonatal erythrolysis
Immune mediated - Type 3 (Antigen/Antibody immunocomplex) build up and affect organs, not cells
Delayed - Type 4 (Delayed reaction)
What is a simultaneous tuberculin test?
Day 1 - two sites clipped on neck. Skin thickness measured.
Into these two sites we apply M.bovis and M.avium in their respective spots.
Day 4 (72 hours) - we measure the reaction of the bovine site in comparison to the avian site.
Interpretation: If bovine site is....larger than the avian site..... <2mm - negative 2-4mm - dubious >4mm - positive
What is post exposure prophylaxis?
PEP - medical treatment started after exposure to a pathogen to prevent clinical manifestation of a disease
Which bacteria cause abortion?
Brucella abortus Listeria monocytogenes Chlamydia Campylobacter Leptospirosis
3 factors in vaccine efficacy?
Vaccine form -
- live
- attenuated
- killed
Host factors -
- maternal Ab’s present
- immunosuppressed
- concurrent disease
- breed
Human factors -
- incorrect application route
- poor timing
- poor adherence to protocol
- incorrect storage
Environmental?
-stress? (affects host factors)
Define “eradication”.
The permanent reduction of a disease of world wide incidence which is caused by a specific etiological agent to zero. Continued intervention is no longer required. - Rinderpest
What is “WAHIS”?
World animal health and information system
2 vaccines that can be given orally?
Rabies
CSF (Hog cholera)
Aujesky’s (pseudorabies)
Ages of vaccination for dogs and cats?
Puppies - 8 weeks –> 10 weeks
Kittens - 10 weeks –> 12/13 weeks
Types of resistance?
Non-specific - hygiene, nutrition, environment
Specific - vaccination
What are buffer zones?
first buffer zone - Protection zone
(3km around outbreak)
Second buffer zone - Surveillance zone (10km around the outbreak)
Vector borne diseases (like bluetongue or west nile virus) have a surveillance zone of up to 150Km
When is a disease declared “liquidated”?
After the last infected animals has been cured/culled.
The observation time (based on incubation period) must be passed with no new presentations of the disease or suspected cases of the disease.
Liquidation is declared after the final disinfection
When is treatment forbidden?
If listed in a specific OIE list
Any zoonotic salmonellosis
mycobacteriosis
prionoses
When is treatment “not recommended”?
Cross species, Cattle, Sheep, Horses, Swine, Dogs + Cats, Birds
Cross species
- Rabies
- FMD
- TB
- Tularemia
- Brucella
Cattle
- Rinderpest
- Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia
Sheep
- Bluetongue
- scrapie
- Maedi-Visna
Horses
- glanders
- AHS
- EIA
Pigs
- CSF (cholera)
- ASF
Dogs and cats
-Toxoplasmosis
Birds -Fowl plague (HPAI) -ND -Pasturellosis (cholera) ILT
What makes a good vaccine?
stimulates an immune responce
long lasting immunity
safe
affordable
Types of detection?
Passive - accidental findings at exam or PM
Active - focused on determining an epizootological situation of one or more infectious diseases in a herd, village, district, region, state
What are inactivated vaccines?
What other types are there?
Inactivated vaccine - killed microbes
Live - original strain of the microbe
Attenuated vaccines - original microbe with stunted conditions (environmentally or a weaker strain of same agent)
Subunit vaccines - use of only part of the microbe (cell wall, DNA part)
Anatoxins - inactivated products of microbe metabolism
Synthetic - gene engineered vaccines
What is an adjuvant?
substance added to a vaccine to promote immunogenicity by trapping Ag’s at sites where they are accessible by lymphocytes and immunoglobulins and induce antigen-presenting cells to express co-stimulatory molecules such as CD80
What could cause vaccine failure?
Vaccine given too late wrong strain animal already infected prior passive immunisation (no response from animal) immunosuppression incorrect administration route death of a live vaccine
What does a diagnostic diagram show?
Number + frequency of exams
categories and species of animals
size of examined animal groups
used diagnostic methods
Infectious disease diagnostics
Preventative - regular therapeutic, diagnostic and immunoprophylactic interventions
Targeted - in case of infectious disease suspicion, inside the infection focus (before transport) or protected zone
