PVD

Question 1

patho for pvd

Answer 1

VTE is a blood clot formed from virchows triad (venous stasis, endothelial injury, hypercoagulability)

thrombus formation can lead to pulmonary embolism

thrombophlebitis: thrombus w/ inflammation

venous insufficiency: 2nd to incompetent calves, pooling of blood and dilation of veins, veins cant carry fluid and wastes from the lower extremities

varicose veins: enlarged, twisted superficial veins

Question 2

disease course and expected findings for DVT & venous insufficiency

Answer 2

DVT: sudden leg pain, dull ache, tingling sensation, unilateral swelling

venous insufficiency: stasis dermatitis (brown colored), edema, stasis ulcers

Question 3

risk factors for DVT, venous insufficiency, varicose veins

Answer 3

DVT: virchows triad, surgery, HF, immobility, cancer, pregnancy

venous insufficiency: sitting/standing, obesity, pregnancy, thrombophlebitis

varicose veins: female age >30, family history, preg, HF, heart disease

Question 4

labs/diagnostics for DVT & varicose veins

Answer 4

DVT: d dimer, imaging, doppler, venogram, ultrasonography, plethysmography, venography, MRI

varicose veins: tredenlenburg test

Question 5

meds

Answer 5

anticoagulants, prophylaxis, thrombolytics, heparin, enoxaparin, fondaparinux, warfarin, TPA

Question 6

nursing interventions for DVT & venous insufficiency

Answer 6

DVT: tell client to rest, warm compress, don’massage, antiembolism stockings, elevate extremity

venous insufficiency:
elevate leg at least 2o min 4-5 times a day, elevate above heart, don’t cross legs/wear restrictive clothing

prophylaxis: assess, ambulate, ROM, SCD, teaching

Question 7

distinguish PVD

Answer 7

pulse present, cap refill < 3sec, lower leg edema, hair present, large ulcer drainage, yellow slough/dark red, dull ache, brown skin color, skin is warm, dermatitis, pruritis