PVD Flashcards
120-139
______
80-89
Pre HTN
140-159
______
90-99
Stage I
160 +
____
100 +
Stage II
180
____
120
Malignant HTN - HTN Crisis
Treat with in 1 hr
Morning HA
Fatigue
Blurred Vision
Unsteadiness
Depression
Nocturia
HA
Occasional Dizziness
HTN
Blurred Vision
Confusion
Optic Nerve Swelling
Restlessness
Motor Sensory Deficits
HTN Crisis - Malignant HTN
Meds for HTN
Diuretics- Reduce Volume
Beta Blockers “lol” - Reduce CO
Vasodilators - Reduce peripheral Resistance
ACE “prils”- Prevent vasoconstriction
CCB’s- Vasodialation
ARB’s “sartan” - vasodialtion
Abnormal dilation of blood vessels in area of vessel weakness or vessel wall tear
Aneurysm
Susternal, Neck and back pain
difficulty breathing
stridor
cough
difficulty swallowing
hoarseness
edema of face and neck
distended neck veins
Eboli
Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms
Associated with arteriosclerosis, HTN, smoking and increase in age
adults +70
asymptomatic
pulsating mass and bruit over mass
mild to severe mid abdominal or lower back pain
emboli may form
measure abdominal girth q 4hr
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms
Due to Arteriosclerosis
men affected more
Pulsating mass in groin (Fremoral)
behind knee (popliteal)
cramping and pain in leg muscle at rest
Numbness
Femoral and Popliteal aneurysm
LIFE THREATENING EMERGENCY
caused by tear in inner layer of Aorta
Common in Ascending aorta
HTN is risk factor
High risk in Clients with Marfan syndrome
SUDDEN excruciating pain (ripping/tearing)
absent peripheral pulses
Aortic Dissection
inherent disorder that effects CT , caused by proteins in CT
Marfan syndrome
disproportionately long legs, arms, toes and fingers
Tall slender build
long narrow face
High arched neck
Crowded teeth
indented or protruding sternum
dislocated lens of the eyes - impaired vision
High pressure in eyes
Cystic changes in lungs
Flexible joints
flat feet
curved spine
abnormal heart sounds (mitral valve prolapse)
weakness of aorta with frequent aortic dissection and rupture
S/s of Marfan syndrome
NO severe and emotional stress
pregnancy increases risk of aortic dissection and cardiac complications
avoid excessive physical stress and pregnancy
Scoliosis and Kyphosis are common
regular eye exams
each child has 50% chance of having
Teaching for Marfan syndrome
Beta blockers
ACE
ARB’s
Medications for Marfan syndrome
Occlusive (CLOT) disease of small and medium sized peripheral arteries
vessels become inflamed, Spastic and thrombotic
affect legs, foot and upper extremities
Cigarette smoking is Cause
Smoking and cold
Emotional stress triggers BURNING pain
Digits pale and cool or cold to touch
Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger disease)
SPASMS of small arteries and arterioles of extremities
Limit blood flow to fingers, toes, ears and nose
Genetic Predisposition
Affect women 15-45
Raynaud Phenomenon
spasms intermittent
after exposure to cold or work related vibrations
Cause fingers to turn Blue, then white, then red
Numbness,
stiffness,
decreased sensation
aching pain
Manifestations of Raynauds
Smoking cessation
regular exercise
keep extremities warm
wear gloves when outside in cold or when handling cold foods
Treatment for Raynauds
Blood clot forms in wall of vein and blocks blood flow to heart
DVT in calf = + Homans sign (pain in calf with dorsiflex) if positive dont stand call doc
If clot breaks apart = embolus to Pulmonary Circulation = Fatal
Virchow’s Triad
Venous Stasis (Sluggish blood flow)
Increased blood coagulability
vessel wall injury - trigger body to clot, WBC and Fibrin
Superficial venous Thrombosis : leads to varicose veins
Venous Thrombosis
Irregular, tortuous veins with poorly functioning valves , can develop anywhere
Increase pressure, stretches vessel wall
Standing increases pressure and decreases venous return
Varicose Veins
Stasis dermatitis
stasis ulcers
leg pain
leg fatigue or heaviness
itching
heat in affected leg after prolonged standing
visibly dilated veins in the leg
Manifestations of varicose veins
- Reticular veins or spider veins
- Varicose veins or venous nodules
- Edema of the lower legs
- Varicose eczema or trophic ulcer
Stages of varicose veins
