Puzzle of pain

Question 1

What is the 1979 definition of pain

Answer 1

An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage or described in terms of such damage

Question 2

What is the 2020 definition of pain

Answer 2

An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with or resembling that associated with, actual or potential tissue damage

Question 3

What is the biomedical framework of pain

Answer 3

• Pain is an automatic response to an external factor, tissue damage causes the sensation of pain
• Pain sensation has a single cause and psychological factors have no casual influence

Question 4

What is the meaning of organic pain

Answer 4

Regarded as real pain when some clear injury can be seen

Question 5

What is the meaning of psychogenic pain

Answer 5

All in the mind when no organic basis could be found

Question 6

What is nociplastic pain?

How do the pat

Answer 6

Pain that arises from altered nociception despite no clear damage of actual tissue damage or threat; causes the activation of nociceptors

Question 7

What are the factors of pain experience

Answer 7

• Cognitive set
• Genetics
• Injury
• Mood
• Chemical structure

Question 8

Why do we have pain

Answer 8

• Provides feedback about the body enabling us to make adjustments
• Warning sign that something is wrong
• Trigger help seeking behaviour
• Has psychological consequences - can trigger anxiety

Question 9

What are the different types of pain

Answer 9

• Acute
• Chronic

Question 10

What is acute pain

Answer 10

Adaptive + meaningful acts (cuts, burns, surgery and other pain)

Question 11

What is chronic pain

Answer 11

When enough time for healing has lapsed (3 months) but the pain has not subsided

Question 12

Describe acute pain

Answer 12

• A warning system
• Represents tissue damage
• Message
• Short duration
• Care and relief likely
• Suffering recognised

Question 13

Describe chronic pain

Answer 13

• May or may not be associated with tissue damage
• Long duration
• No end in sight
• Care and relief not likely

Question 14

How is psychology included in theories of pain

Answer 14

• Medical treatments were found useful for only acute but not chronic pain
• Individuals with the same degree of damage to tissue had no different pain
• Phantom limb pain - patients feel a pain after removal of limb

Question 15

What is the gate control theory

Answer 15

• There is a neutral ‘gate’ in the spinal cord that regulates the experience of pain
• Pain is not the result of a straight-through sensory channel
• There are physiological and psychological causes
• Pain is a perception and experience rather than a sensation

Question 16

Describe SOCRATES (pain rating scale)

Answer 16

• Site - where is pain
• Onset - when did the pain start, and was it sudden or gradual?
• Character - What is the pain like? ache or stabbing)
• Radiation - Does the pain radiate anywhere?
• Associations - Any other signs or symptoms associated with the pain?
• Time course - Does the pain follow any pattern?
• Exacerbating/relieving factors - Does anything change the pain
• Severity - How bad is the pain?