Putting Up Defences Flashcards
What is a non infectious disease?
A non infectious disease is one caused by a non living factor.
Ways that disease can be spread
1) Animal Vectors
2) Direct Contact
3) In-Direct Contact
4) Airbourne
5) Other vehicles (food and water)
What are the three lines of defence?
1st line - Physical and Chemical Barriers (skin)
2nd line - inflammation process of phagocytosis
3rd line - Immune response
Immunisation in Australia
In Australia, immunisations are NOT compulsory. The parents have the choice to get their child vaccinated however many measures are in place to ensure parents get it done. When you enroll your child into a school they usually ask for a copy of the immunisation records. Also to apply for children’s benefits the government will ask for immunisation history’s.
Flow chart of immunisation
- Person is vaccinated with a vaccine against a disease causing pathogen.
- Stimulates specific anibody production on the lymphocytes
- Person is infected by the harmful pathogen
- Immune system recognizes pathogen
- Antibodies provided and destroy
How can you naturally gain immunity?
1) previously having the disease before
2) living a healthy lifestyle and looking after your body
3) babies being breastfed
What is bacteria? Name the three types
Bacteria are microscopic, unicellular organisms found in all living environments.
Bacillus - rod
Coccus - sphere
Spirillus - spiral
What is an infectious disease?
An infectious disease is one caused by a living organism, called a pathogen.
What is the need of cells?
Cells need to take in water, nutrients and oxygen so they can breath out water wastes and carbon dioxide
Infectious diseases caused by:
- prions
- virus
- bacteria
- protozoans
- fungi
- macroparasites
Prion: mad cow disease Virus: aids Bacteria: ear infection Protozoans: malaria Fungi: thrush Macroparasites: head lice
The work of:
- Edward Jenner
- MacFarlane Burnett
- Louis Pasteur
- Peter Doherty
Edward Jenner: vaccine against smallpox
MacFarlane Burnett: immunity
Louis Pasteur: cause of infection (bacteria)
Peter Doherty: viruses
Impact of the work of the scientists on society
The work of the 4 scientists is helping the society stay safe and healthy. The can gain immunity against the diseases that cause death or serious illness.
Define epidemic and give an example
When a disease is in a particular region with a particularly higher rate then expected.
Eg. The flu/common cold
Define pandemic and give an example
When the epidemic spreads across continents or the whole world it is called a pandemic.
Eg. AIDS
Describe various ways the immune system responds to invading pathogens
If a pathogen enters your body, your lymphocytes quickly recognize the antigens and then multiply to produce antibodies that will stick to the antigens on the invading pathogens and destroy them.
