Putting the FUN in Fun-Gus! Flashcards
Mantle
The nail mantle is the layer of epidermis at the base of the nail, before the cuticle. The function of the nail mantle is to protect the matrix from physical damage. The Lunula: This is located at the base of the nail, lying over the matrix. It is white in color and known as half-moon.
Nail Matrix
the area where your fingernails and toenails start to grow. The matrix creates new skin cells, which pushes out the old, dead skin cells to make your nails. As a result, injuries to the nail bed or disorders that affect the matrix can affect your nail growth.
Nail Root
The root of the nail is also known as the germinal matrix. Its edge appears as a white crescent, known as the lunula. The root portion of this nail lies below the skin, underneath the nail, and extends several millimeters into the finger. It produces most of the volume of the nail and the nail bed.
Nail Bed
the skin beneath the nail plate. Like all skin, it is made of two types of tissues: the deeper dermis, the living tissue which includes capillaries and glands, and the epidermis, the layer just beneath the nail plate, which moves toward the finger tip with the plate.
Nail Plate
the hard part of the nail, made of translucent keratin protein. Several layers of dead, compacted cells cause the nail to be strong but flexible. Its (transverse) shape is determined by the form of the underlying bone. In common usage, the word nail often refers to this part only.
Lunula
the white area at the base of a fingernail.
Eponychium
the thickened layer of skin at the base of the fingernails and toenails. It can also be called the medial or proximal nail fold. Its function is to protect the area between the nail and epidermis from exposure to bacteria.
Cuticle
the outer cellular layer of a hair or nails
Nail Grooves
The indentation between the edges of the nail plate and the skin.
Side Walls
The sidewall is the skin on either side of the nail plate, also known as the lateral nail fold, acts as a barrier against bacteria, fungi, and viruses. The sidewall is also the part of the nail that extends out from the physical sidewall.
Perionychium
The tissue surrounding the nail, whether it be a fingernail or a toenail, including the tissue bordering the root and sides of the nail. The word is composed of “peri-“ meaning around or surrounding + the Greek word “onyx” for nail = around the nail
Free Edge
the part of the lamina that protrudes from the nail bed; it is therefore a “dead” and painless part of the nail.
Hyponychium
The hyponychium is the skin just under the free edge of your nail. It’s located just beyond the distal end of your nail bed, near your fingertip
Onychosis
A nail disease or onychosis is a disease or deformity of the nail.
Onychia
Onychia is an inflammation of the nail folds (surrounding tissue of the nail plate) of the nail with formation of pus and shedding of the nail.
Etiology
A nail is a claw-like keratinous plate at the tip of the fingers and toes in most primates. Nails correspond to claws found in other animals. Fingernails and toenails are made of a tough protective protein called alpha-keratin which is a polymer and found in the hooves, hair, claws and horns of vertebrates.
6 Signs of Infection
- redness
- swelling
- fluid build up
- hot spot/ fever
- smell
- discoloration
Onychomychosis
Nail fungus
Tinea Manus
Hand fungus
Tinea Pedis
Foot fungus
Paronychia
Paronychia is an infection of the tissue adjacent to a nail, most often a fingernail. It’s caused by injury or irritation, such as a hangnail, cuticle damage, or continually wet hands.
Onychoptosis
The periodic shedding of one or more nails, in whole or part. This condition may follow certain diseases such as syphilis, or can result from fever, trauma, systemic upsets or adverse reaction to drugs.
Onychia
Onychia is an inflammation of the nail folds (surrounding tissue of the nail plate) of the nail with formation of pus and shedding of the nail.
Onychatrophia
an atrophic or undeveloped condition of the nails.
Onycholysis
The separation of a fingernail or toenail from its pink nail bed. The separation occurs gradually and is painless.
Blue Nails
a low level or lack of oxygen circulating in your red blood cells. This condition is known as cyanosis. It occurs when there isn’t enough oxygen in your blood, making the skin or membrane below the skin turn a purplish-blue color.
Eggshell Nails
Hapalonychia causes your nails to be soft and thin. Nails affected by this condition tend to bend or break more easily than healthy nails, and often split or flake at the end. They may also take on a bluish tint.
Currugations
long ridges that run either lengthwise or across the nail; some lengthwise ridges are normal in adult nails, and they increase with age; lengthwise ridges can also be caused by conditions such as psoriasis, poor circulation, and frostbite
Kolionychia
spoon nails, is a nail disease that can be a sign of hypochromic anemia, especially iron-deficiency anemia. It refers to abnormally thin nails (usually of the hand) which have lost their convexity, becoming flat or even concave in shape.
Furrows
Transverse lines or grooves across the fingernails; transverse depressions in the nail plate caused by temporary cessation of cell division in the proximal nail matrix
Onychogryposis
Ram’s horn nails. Specialty. Dermatology. Onychogryphosis is a hypertrophy that may produce nails resembling claws or a ram’s horn.
Onychocryptosis
Ingrown nail
Melanonychia
Melanonychia is a black or brown pigmentation of the normal nail plate, and may be present as a normal finding on many digits in Afro-Caribbeans, as a result of trauma, systemic disease, or medications, or as a postinflammatory event from such localized events as lichen planus or fixed drug eruption.
Onycauxis
Onychauxis is a nail disorder that causes fingernails or toenails to grow abnormally thick.
Agnails
Hangnail
Bruised Nail
A condition in which a clot of blood forms under the nail plate; the clot is caused by injury to the nail bed and can vary in color from maroon to black.
Leukonychia
Leukonychia describes a whitish discoloration of the nail, which may be due to persistence of nuclei in the cells of the ventral nail plate (true leukonychia), or to a pallor of the nail bed
Pterygium
Pterygium of nail due to lichen planus. A pterygium is a wing of extra tissue. In a nail, it is due to scarring in the matrix. Characteristic of lichen planus, but may also occur in Stevens-Johnson syndrome and after trauma.
Beau’s Lines
grooves that run horizontally across the nail plate. They usually develop when nail plate growth, which begins in the nail matrix (located under the cuticle), is temporarily disrupted.
Onychophagy
Nail biting
