pussy and balls Flashcards
1
Q
what is technology
A
Technology is the application of knowledge to reach practical goals in a specifiable and reproducible way. The word technology may also mean the product of such an endeavor.
2
Q
invention
A
- Combining elements, materials or ideas to create something new
- May be an object (eg. computer) or a social invention (eg. capitalism)
3
Q
discovery
A
- Finding something new or discovering a new way of viewing reality
- Discoveries at the right time can start social change (timing is important in determining whether or not a society will embrace the discovery)
4
Q
Innovation
A
- Changing or improving upon existing technologies or ideas to create something new, but based on something invented (eg. the iPhone as an innovation on cell phones)
- May be an object or social innovation
5
Q
WHAT TECHNOLOGIES HAVE MOST CHANGED HOW WE LIVE?
A
Sleep
Eat
Communicate
Are entertained
Interact with others
Learn
Travel/Get Around
Think
6
Q
Marshall McLuhan 1911-1980
A
“We become what we behold. We shape our tools, and thereafter our tools shape us.”
“The medium is the message”
7
Q
Technological Determinism
A
- Our behaviours are determined by our technologies
- As new technologies emerge, our behaviours adapt and social change occurs
8
Q
DOES SOCIAL CHANGE BEGIN WITH TECH OR PEOPLE?
A
- Tech Giants (insta, tiktok, snap)
- Warfare (martial weapons, edged weapons)
9
Q
Media can influence how we think, feel, and behave by presenting us with certain images, stories, and messages:
A
- media can reinforce stereotypes and biases
- media exposure of violent or sexual content can impact attitudes towards those issues
- media present ideologies, norms, and behaviors
10
Q
Media can affect our self-esteem and body image:
A
- media images of beauty and attractiveness can have a profound impact on young people’s self-esteem and body image
- being critical of media portrayals is NOT how most people consume media
- media present images, characters, that are often unrealistic and unattainable
- Is an unintended consequence of globalisation that body image is now confusing
11
Q
Media literacy is essential for critical thinking:
A
- we need to develop super-heightened media literacy skills to be able to evaluate the credibility and accuracy of media messages
- we must be able to recognize bias and identify propaganda
- we need to understand how media messages are constructed and marketed to different audiences
12
Q
Media can have both positive and negative effects on mental health:
A
- media can be a source of stress, anxiety, and depression,
- media can also be a source of support, information, and connection
- we should learn to use media in ways that promote well-being, such as seeking out positive and inspiring content and limiting exposure to negative or harmful media mess
13
Q
Media is a cultural artifact:
A
- media is a product of human culture and is shaped by cultural values, beliefs, and practices.
- media reflects and influences the cultures in which it is produced and consumed
14
Q
Media is a site of cultural production and exchange:
A
- media is a platform for the exchange and negotiation of cultural values, ideas, and practices
- media can facilitate cultural exchange and hybridization
- media can also reinforce cultural boundaries and inequalities
15
Q
Media can be used to construct and challenge identities:
A
- media plays a significant role in the construction of personal and collective identities
- we should learn to analyze media messages and representations for their impact on identity formation
- we should understand how media can be used to challenge and transform cultural norms and practices.
16
Q
Media has ethical implications:
A
- media production and consumption raise ethical issues such as cultural appropriation, representation, and exploitation
- we should be aware of the ethical implications of media production and consumption and learn to critically evaluate media messages and practices
17
Q
Media shapes our culture and society:
A
- media plays a significant role in shaping our values, beliefs, and norms
- media reflects and reinforces existing social structures
- media can also challenge them
18
Q
Media is a powerful tool of social change:
A
- media can promote awareness and mobilize public opinion
- media can be used to address social issues and inequalities, and to promote social justice and equality
19
Q
Media plays a role in the construction of identity and difference:
A
- media constructs and reinforces social categories such as race, gender, and sexuality
- media shapes our understanding of ourselves and others.
- we should understand how media can perpetuate stereotypes and biases, and learn to critically evaluate media messages and representations
20
Q
Media ownership and control affect media content:
A
- the ownership and control of media companies affect the content and messages we consume
- media consolidation challenges notions of “freedom of the press”
- large corporations control the majority of media outlets.
21
Q
Why was there such LITTLE change in population from 200,000 years ago to 10,000 years ago?
A
- Humans were hunter gatherers
- They lacked medicine, often lacked enough food, and had to constantly move from place to place
- As a result humans lived much shorter lives and could not have many children
- Infant mortality rates were very high
22
Q
Why was there a GRADUAL increase in population from 10 000 to 200 years ago?
A
- Humans learned how to raise crops and began animal husbandry
- We now had more stable sources of food
- As a result humans began living in villages - towns - cities
- Infant mortality rates declined and lives were extended
23
Q
Why was there a RAPID increase in population beginning about 200 years ago?
A
- Industrial Revolution
- Invention breeds invention
- Medical advances, improved sanitation, cultural norms, new technologies all helped
- Infant mortality rates declined further and lives were extended even more
24
Q
Population Growth Rates
A
Slow Growth Rate – Canada, USA, France
No Growth Rate – Spain, Austria, Finland
Negative Growth Rate – Germany, Russia, Japan
25
demographic transition model: stage 1
Applied to most of the world before the Industrial Revolution
- both birth rates and death rates are high
- population size remains fairly constant
- (can have swings with events such as wars or pandemics)
26
demographic transition model: stage 2
The introduction of modern medicine lowers death rates, especially among children, while birth rates remain high;
- the result is rapid population growth
- Many of the least developed countries today are in Stage Two
27
demographic transition model: stage 3
Birth rates gradually decrease, usually as a result of improved economic conditions, an increase in women’s status, and access to women’s health
- Population growth continues, but at a lower rate
- Most developing countries are in Stage Three
28
demographic transition model: stage 4
Birth rates and death rates are both low, stabilizing the population.
- These countries tend to have developed economies, higher levels of education, better healthcare, a higher proportion of working women, and a fertility rate at about two children per woman
29
demographic transition model: stage 5
A possible Stage Five would include countries in which fertility rates have fallen significantly below replacement level and the elderly population is greater than the youthful population
30
demographic transition model: limitations
Limitations:
- There are always outliers and exceptions (as with any model!):
- Cannot reveal the impact of other demographic variables such as migration
- The model does not predict how long a country will be in each stage
31
Mao was pro-natalist
Worried about Soviet Union (defense)
Mao would boast: “could lose 300 million…”
Power in numbers
He didn’t understand food production! Starvation…
Mao not all to blame! Just part of the population bulge… (industrialization)
Hans Rosling connection?
Mortality = more births
32
when was the one child polciy
1953 Leaders first suggest that the population should be controlled
1970 China's population exceeds 800 million.
1975 Slogan "late, long & few" → encourages 1 child and no more than 2.
1979 Communist party imposes law placing limit of one child / family.
1984 Policy adjusts, allowing a second child for some in rural areas and for couples who were both an only child, and in some other specified circumstances.
2001 To manage OCP: penalties for unapproved births (e.g. fines).
2013 Exempt: 2 children for families where just one parent is an only child.
2015 OCP scrapped, allowing all couples to have two children…
2018 A total scrap of two child policy proposed (see article)
33
pros of the one child policy
- Economic benefits to those who complied (e.g. loans, housing improvements, job leave)
- Said to have prevented 400,000,000 births!
- More jobs, increased wages, less competition
- More investment in girls’ education etc.
34
cons of the one child policy
- Disparity in childbirth ratio; 30 million more men than women
- Human trafficking
- Human
Rights violation
(forced abortions & sterilizations)
- 4-2-1 issue:
4 GPs; 2 parents
1 child
“Little Emperor Syndrome”
35
what are some unintended conquences of the one child policy
- a skewed sex-ratio made it more difficult for young men to find Chinese wives
- now they are telling women to have children in uni because older women give birth to children with birth defects
- the ferility rate has sunk below 2.1
- Many couples do not want more children because they cannot afford to pay more for housing, health care and education.
-
36
GLOBALISATION
The process by which societies, cultures, politics, and economies around the world are becoming increasingly integrated.
37
globalization: political
Political globalisation is the growth of the worldwide political system, both in size and complexity.
- Nation-state – Sovereign territory with defined borders. People share some common facets of cultural identity.
- Own system of law, currency, government
- United Nations, World Health Organization,World Bank, International Monetary Fund
38
globalization: econmomic
Economic globalisation refers to the increasing interdependence of world economies as a result of the growing scale of cross-border trade of commodities and services, flow of international capital and wide and rapid spread of technologies.
39
globalization: cultural
Cultural globalisation refers to the transmission of ideas, meanings and values around the world in such a way as to extend and intensify social relations.
