Purposive Communication in English Flashcards
process of converting ideas or thoughts of info into symbol
encoding
the info, idea or thought the speaker wants to convey
message
who the message was created for
receiver
crafts a message, idea or info
sender
speakers interact and influence each other
language contact
why is communication a process
exchange of info, etc.
common language between speakers whose native language are different
lingua franca
definition of communication according to Pearson and Nelson, 2000
the process of understanding and sharing meaning
physical and physiological space where communication happened
environment
latin word meaning “to share” or “to make common”
communicare
does communciation happen between two or more poeople? why?
because communication can occur when one is talking to an audience or to one person only.
receiver’s response
feedback
hindrance that prevents effective communication
interference
receiver’s interpretation of the sender’s message
decoding
Definition of communication accdg to Griffin, 2012
relational process of creating and interpreting messages that elicit a response
definition of communication
exchange of info, ideas, from oner person to another
method of human communication
language
communication is so much more than words, why?
it includes symbols, meanings, and intent
means of transmission
channel
learning a language thru reading. speaking; a new alphabet and writing format
language learning
common and shared understanding of the situation
context
mode of communication that occurs thru the use of words
verbal (oral or written)
mode of communication expressed thru body signals
non verbal
written words serving as message
written mode of communication
words uttered serving as message
oral mode of communication
mode of communication using imagery
visual
mode of communication within an individual
intrapersonal
mode of communication among people
interpersonal
communication between two people
dyadic
communication between a small group
3 or mor (15 people)
communication with the use of technological tools
extended communication
communication across business environments
organizational communication
communication across people of diverse cultures
intercultural communication
communication within same culture
intracultural communication
communication between different ethnic groups
interethnic communication
communication between different races
interracial communication
the exchange of information and ideas between individuals, organizations, and countries on a global scale
international communication
communication to large audiences using diff modes
mass communication
all actions communicate
inevitable
cannot take back what was said
irreversible
creating and analyzing meaning
complex
diverse meaning accdg to one’s contexts
contextual
context accdg to mental processing
psychological
context accdg to relationship
relational
context accdg to environment
situational
context accdg to culture
cultural
type of communication whose purpose is TO INFORM, PERSUADE and ENTERTAIN
formal
type sof communication that is casual and take place in ordinary conversations
informal
body movemnet as nonverbal communication
kinesics
eye movement as nonverbal communication
opulesics
non verbal communication as touch
haptics
non verbal communication as distance
proxemics
non verbal communication
as time
chronemics
another term for organizational communication
grapevine communication
passing information through a line of persons to the ultimate
recipient
single stramd chain
only one person seeks and tells the information to everyone
gossip chain
random process in which someone transmits the information
from person to person
probability chain
a person tells the information to the selected people who will pass
the information to other selected people
cluster chain
transfer of info suppoorted by technology
globalization
commmunities liked together by electronic communications
global village
sandwich psychology
deliberate word choice, has a particular structure, explanatory
written language
momentary,
spotaneous, maintained in the form of dialogue
spoken language
register of written english
both informal and informal
register of spoken english
mostly informal
flow of language for written english
structured
flow of language for spoken english
less particular with structure
organization of written english
steady
organization of spoken english
pause - utterances
transfer of culture, people, services, knowledge
globalization
the world as a single community
global village
cultural norms and values as cultural barriers
cultural relativism
behaviors and beliefs;; signs and symbols as cultural barriers
lack of knowledge of other people’s culture
cultural barriers stereotypes and prejudices
discrimination and harrasment
contextual words as cultural barriers
language difference
measuring and judging one culture by another culture
ethnocentrism
focus and concentrate
mindful presence
comprehension
mindful listening
word choice and diction
mindful speech
prioritization accordingly
unconditional friendliness
mindful feedback
mindful responsiveness
communication with the members of one’s local area
local globalization
connecting across geographic, political, social aspects
global globalization
a society that contains several cultural or ethnic groups
multicultural
a filipino saying po at opo to an american
cultural identity
saying homie to a girl
gender role
saying whats up to an elderly
age identity
kanal humor and aircon humor
social class
a muslim person saying no to a person inviting them to eat dinuguan
religious identity
the first language is the basis ofhow one initially thinks, behaves, and communicates with others
mother tongue
one’s birth creates a variety of perspectives about his/her culturalcharacteristics as well as how others perceive him/her.
race
people can be of a particular race and have different ethnicpreferences due to their life experiences and environment.
ethnicity
Being male or female certainly has an impact on how different countriesand cultures view different individuals
gender
this is where one experiences thesupport system that develops the foundation of his/her cultural beliefs andvalues
local culture
It is often one of the dominant cultural factors in a person’sdevelopment and it is always connected to an entire culture’s history.
religion
It can vary greatly from one culture to the next, as a result of theindustry, climate differences, and cultural preferences.
religional attire
These are the foundations of a person’s rootsand development.
ancestry. parents and families
One-third (or more) of a student’s life is spent in school, both goodand bad teachers’ influence helps establish many beliefs and values of a person,particularly in career and personal decisions
teachers
These include colleagues and peers who have a strong influence onhow one behaves and makes decision in some cases
friends
These include colleagues and peers who have a strong influence onhow one behaves and makes decision in some cases
neighborhood
The level of one’s education and vocations of choice supersede oldcultural factors that he/she has outgrown or that have changed as a result ofhis/her experience
education
This is where more than half of a person’s life learning and growthhappens which make a huge contribution to the development of other culturalfactor
profession
Life experiences alter and expand the way people view people,cultures, and countries and what they consider comfortable (and uncomfortable)
experience
It has strong impact on the global perspective of different countries
politics
Self-confidence is attributed to one’s physical feature (i.e. beauty, skin, height,etc.) which greatly influence their communication and relationship with others
physical features
Self-confidence is attributed to one’s physical feature (i.e. beauty, skin, height,etc.) which greatly influence their communication and relationship with others
media
language that hasn’t changed for a long time, and it will continue to remain the same even though that language is no longer used today.
frozen register
often associated with standardised versions of English and is used in formal situations.
formal register
used when there is an expert-novice relationship between the two people engaging in the conversation
consultative register
refers to informal speech used between people who know each other well.
casual register
frequently used in private and can be used when discussing personal issues, sharing secrets, telling inside jokes, or when being flirty!
intimate register
english as a native language
inner language
english as a second language
outer circle
english as foreign language
expanding circle
the language in the environment, words and images displayed and exposed in
public spaces
linguistic landscape
public signs, created by the state and local government bodies)
top-down
created by shop owners, private businesses, etc.
bottom-up
the study of social meaning of the material placements of signs and discourses and
of our actions in the material world
geosemiotics
The meaning was given to a sign by a place the sign was put in
indexicaity
signs have double meaning and they correspond to each
othe
dealogicality
one does not see all signs
selection
used to indicate or enforce traffic laws,
regulations or requirements
regulatory signs
defined as the basic physical systems of a business, region, or nation and often involves the production of public goods or production processes.
infrastructural signs
signs, displays, or devices designed, intended or used to encourage or promote purchase
commercial signs
signs which violate (intentionally or accidentally) the conventional semiotics at that place
transgressive signs
used to display wide-screen content, such as a Web page, image, document or
text
online landscape
refers to all electronic or digital means and print or artistic visuals used to transmit
messages.
media
is the ability to encode and decode symbols and synthesize and analyze
messages
literacy
the ability to encode and decode the symbols transmitted via media
and the ability to synthesize, analyze and produce mediated messages.
media literacy
is the study of media, including ‘hands-on’ experiences and media
production
media education
is the educational field dedicated to teaching the skills
associated with media literacy.
media literacy education
is a presentation method that calls for telling a story using images rather
than reading text
pecha kucha
use 20 slides and allow only 20 seconds of commentary per slide.
pecha kucha
a total presentation to just 6 minutes and 40 seconds.
pecha kucha
shortened version of weblog
blog
an online journal or informational website displaying information in reverse chronological order, with the latest posts appearing first, at the top
blog
focuses on giving important info; is clear, accurate, meaningful and interesting
informative communication
act of presenting arguments to move, motivate, or change your audience
persuasive communication
attention, authority to speak, logical presentation, smart pacing, stirring conclusions
characteristics for persuasive comm
used to settle disputes and discover truths
argumentative communication
word-for-word iteration of a written message
reading from a manuscript
rote recitation of a written message
memorized
carefully planned and rehearsed speech, spoken in a
conversational manner using brief notes
extemporaneous speaking
presentation of a short message without advance preparation.
impromptu
is a system where members of an organization
communicate with one another to implement the business goals which has become increasingly important
internal operational communication
a form of IOM
a conversation which occurs between a potential employer and a job
applicant
interview
the primary communication tool to other clinicians treating the patient, and a
statement of the quality of care.
patient notes
first or earliest statement
initial notes
refer to the assessment reports done in order to monitor the
condition of the patient
interim or progress notes
reports given once medication is discontinued or the patient is
release from the hospital
discharge notes
assessment given by the family member or patient himself
subjective
(assessment seen by you or reflected in laboratory or other medical reports
objective
diagnosis as part of organizing patient notes
assessment
procedures to be done to address the diagnosis
plan
it becomes clearer, stronger, or more definite.
firming up
make something concrete, Become specific; “the idea concretized in her mind”
concretizing
consider one’s own internal state or feelings
introspecting
brief summary, containing most of the Five W’s and H in
one sentence.
summary lead or straight lead
use them sparingly because they generally do not provide the main points of a story as concisely
question leaad
use direct quotation used in first paragraph
quotation lead
lead written in a funny way
funny lead
quick, relevant story to draw in the reader
anecdotal lead
describe how an event happened rather than simply telling what the event is
about
descriptive lead
interactive art of using words and actions to reveal the elements and images of a
story while encouraging the listener’s imagination
storytelling
a detailed explanation of an image that provides textual access to visual
content
image description
a compilation of your company’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and
threats.
SWOT Analysis
reports that are prepared in prescribed forms
formal report
prepared not by following any prescribed rule or formality.
informal report
the most popular form of business letter; most formal, easiest format
all parts of the letter at the left margin
full-block style
body of the letter is left justified; dateline and complimentary close begin near the center going to the right margin
modified block style
much like the modified block style that each paragraph is indented instead of left justified; most balanced of all formats of business letters
semi-block style
provides deeper insight into an applicant’s experience and skills
application letter
comprehensive; 2 or more pages; not made for a specific job
curriculum vitae
tailored to fit a specific job; 1-2 pages; concise
resume
one part of an application packet, along with a resume, portfolio, and letters of recommendation
cover letter
a short concise message or record that is
used for internal communication in a business, administration, or an institution
memorandum
are set and conducted in different ways by different companies and organizations to
discuss different agendas and matters that affect the surrounding area and the people involved
meetings
parts of the minutes of the meeting
COMMITTEE/ORGANIZATIONAL NAME
KIND OF MEETING
DATE/PLACE/TIME OF START AND ADJOURNMENT
CHAIR/SECRETARY OR SUBSTITUTE
NAMES OF ATTENDEES
GUESTS AND THEIR MEETING ROLES
REFERENCE ON THE APPROVAL OF PREVIOUS MEETINGS
MOTION RAISED
REPORTS
OTHER MATTERS
a written record should both serve as a…
- a written record of the meeting that lets the attendees be reminded
- absentees can be informed of what happened in the meeting
- serves as detailed notes reflecting all actions done within the meeting
- serves as reminder of all the tasks that needs to be done
repeat or copy out (a group of words from a text or speech), typically with an indication that one is not the original author or speaker.
quoting
the practice of taking someone else’s work or ideas and passing them off as one’s own.
plagiarism
express the meaning of (the writer or speaker or something written or spoken) using different words, especially to achieve greater clarity.
paraphrasing
summarizing is when you take a longer passage, from several sentences to several paragraphs or even more, and restate the essential main ideas in your own words.
summarizing
a scientific method which uses logical and systematic
procedure for the acquisition of new knowledge
research
for the verification or
confirmation of previous and existing knowledge to answer problems and
to apply in practical life.
research
The researcher tries to find the truth
pure research
The research meant to seek knowledge simply for knowledge’s sake
pure research
Also termed as library or desk research
pure research
practical application of knowledge
to everyday situations.
applied research
Also termed as action research
applies research
Associated with positivist tradition (there is reality out there that can be studied and known)
● Gathers numerical values as its data
● Investigates concepts, constructs, variables
● Use deductive reasoning
● Use control (imposing condition so that biases are minimized and validity and precision are
maximized)
● Gather empirical evidence (from objective reality collected through senses)
quantitative research
● Associated with Naturalistic inquiry (reality is not a fixed entity but rather a construction of
individuals participating in research.)
● Gathers narrative description as its data
● Investigates phenomena, and concepts
● Use inductive process
● Use subjectivity that enriches the analytical insights
● Gather information, insights that lead to search for further evidence (subjective) takes place in
the field
qualitative research
is a generalized discussion which should lead to actually stating and clearly
articulating the research problem.
introduction
Is a form prepared and distributed to secure responses to questions that are intended to
obtain information about conditions or practices on which the respondent is presumed to have
knowledge
questionnaire
two types of questionnaires
open ended and unstructured questionnaire; close ended and structured form
the questions frequently asked are why, what and how
open ended and unstructured questionnaire
has the response already prepared, the respondents merely checks, underlines or
ranks the responses as directed
close ended and structured form
the second most common method for data collection
interview
a purposeful face to face relationship between two persons
interview
the most direct means of studying the subjects when the researcher is interested in their behavior
observation
Is a device which contains the items to be observed and a space for number or check marks
checklist
Is a checklist with an evaluation standard
rating scale
Is a checklist that provides for less breakdown of dimensions or factors hence, much space is provided for writing
anecdotal forms
The method of recording in which all energy comes from the sound waves themselves; also known as acoustic recording
mechanical recording
the traditional method of court reporting, involves a highly skilled court stenographer capturing spoken words on a specialized machine.
stenographic recording
Provide a readily available and valuable source of data
records
3 p’s of an acadmic presentation
prepare/ plan- practice - present
