Purposive Communication Flashcards
Review
The exchange of information, ideas, thoughts, and feelings by one individual
Communication
Method of human communication, either spoken or written, consisting of the use of
words in a structured and conventional way
Language
Children learn their native language subconsciously
Language Acquisition
Learning a new language involves listening, speaking, reading, writing, sometimes even a new alphabet and writing format
Language Learning
Speakers of two or more languages or varieties interact and influence each other
Language Contact
Latin word meaning “to share” or “to make common”
Communicare
Nature of Communication
- It is much more than words
- Process
- Between two or more people
One who crafts a message, idea or information
Sender
Elements of Communication
SEM CID RFEC
Sender
Encoding
Message
Channel
Interference
Decoding
Receiver
Feedback
Environment
Context
Process of converting idea or thoughts of the information into symbols
Encoding
Information, idea, thoughts, etc. that the speaker wants to convey
Message
transmission or distribution of the message
Channel
Hindrance that prevents effectivie communication
Interference
Receiver’s mental processing of interpreting message into meaning
Decoding
for whom the message was created and the one who receives it
Receiver
Receiver’s response or reaction to the sender’s message
Feedback
Physical and psychological space where communication happens
Environment
Common and shared understanding of the situation
context
Classification of Communication
- According to Mode
- Verbal (Oral and Written)
- Non Verbal (Body Language, Hand Gestures, Facial Expressions)
- Visual (Illustrations, Charts, Photo, Drawings, Maps) - According to Context
Intrapersonal – within an individual
Interpersonal (Dyadic and Small Group)
Extended Communication – with the use of technological tools
Organizational Communication – business environments
Intercultural Communication – among people of diverse cultures
Mass Communication – to large audience through different modes - According to Purpose and Style
Formal – it is carefully thought to selected audience to inform, persuade,
and entertain
Informal – casual and takes place in ordinary conversation to socialize
According to Mode
Verbal (Oral and Written)
Non Verbal (Body Language, Hand Gestures, Facial Expressions)
Visual (Illustrations, Charts, Photo, Drawings, Maps)
According to Context
Intrapersonal - within an individual
Interpersonal (Dyadic and Small Group)
Extended Communication – with the use of technological tools
Organizational Communication – business environments
Intercultural Communication – among people of diverse cultures
Mass Communication – to large audience through different modes
According to Purpose and Style
Formal – it is carefully thought to selected audience to inform, persuade, and entertain
Informal – casual and takes place in ordinary conversation to socialize
Principles of Effective Communication
TEA G? GOV NA
- Trustworthiness
- Effective Speaking Skills
- Active Listening
- Good Writing Skills
- Good Reading Skills
- Objective Judgement
- Value Difference
- No Assumptions
- Authenticity
Models of Communication
- Linear Model – one way process with no external feedback
- Interactional Model – two-way process but more mechanical and has more delayed
feedback. It also deals with exchange of ideas and messages taking place both ways
from sender to receiver and vice versa. - Transactional Model – two-way process and more simultaneous as it has direct and
immediate feedback
Linear model
A. Aristotle’s Model (300 B.C.) – It is a communication model which can be used to develop public speaking skills or to create propaganda.
B. Lasswell’s Model (1948) – It is the “In which channel” as It describes an act of communication by defining who said it, what was said, in what in what channel it was said, to whom, it was said, and with what effect it was said.
C. Shannon and Weaver’s Model (1949) – It is also known as the
“Mathematical Theory of Communication” that argues that human communication can be broken down into 6 key concepts.
D. Berlo’s SMCR Model (1960) – It represents the process of communication according to Sender, Message, Channel, and Receiver.
Interactional Model
A. Schramm’s Model (1949) – It views communication as a process wherein the message is transmitted using a medium by a sender to a receiver. He added the notion of field of experience in his theory. Field of experience assimilates a mutual understanding of both the parties.
B. Osgood-Schramm’s Model (1954) – It is known as a circular model
because it indicates that messages can go in two directions. Also, the two parties decode, interpret, and encode the message of each other.
Transactional Model – two-way process and more simultaneous as it has direct and
immediate feedback
A. White’s Model (1960) - There are eight stages of the oral communication process: thinking, symbolizing, expressing, transmitting, receiving, decoding,
feedbacking, also monitoring. So, communication is a sequential interaction process
B. Dance’s Helical Model (1967) – It disagrees with the concept of linearity and circularity individually, and introduces the concept of time and continuous communication process.
C. Barnlund’s Transactional Model (1970) – It emphasizes a multi-layered feedback system for all parties involved and recognizes that anyone can be a sender and receiver anytime. Shared field of experience is also its strength.
Not only the mobility and trade of goods across countries, but all that go with it
such as people, services, knowledge, culture, etc. Historically, globalization has opened borders
and modernization from one country to another.
Globalization
Cultural Barriers to Effective Communication
LSB NEB
1. Language
2. Stereotypes and prejudices
3. Behaviors and beliefs
4. Norms and values
5. Ethnocentrism
6. Body language and gestures
Strategies to become an effective global communicator
- Mindful Presence
- Mindful Listening
- Mindful Speech
- Unconditional Friendliness
- Mindful Responsiveness
