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morality and justice higher > purposes of punishment > Flashcards

purposes of punishment Flashcards

1
Q

Essay plan for evaluate the religious responses to the moral issues raised by retribution as a purpose of punishment

A

define retribution
give an example - death penalty
moral issue - is it fair for the government to be hypocritical
religious response - Book of exodus 21 : 24 - 27 - analysis of what it would mean for Christians.
Although opposing view - Matthew 5:38-40 - analysis of what it would mean for Christians
How it would affect world
Evaluate - make own judgement
moral issue - it doesn’t allow the offender to change and become a productive member of society
religious response - repentance - analysis of what it would mean for Christians
how it would affect world
evaluate - make own judgement
moral issue - it doesn’t reduce crime rates, does nothing to prevent the wrongs of the future only to right the wrong committed, the justice system fails in its moral responsibility
religious response - forgiveness, martin luther king jr - analysis of what it would mean
how it would affect the world
evaluate - make own judgement

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2
Q

what is retribution

A

punishment for the purpose of getting back at someone for what they have done - forcing them to experience the same suffering they have inflicted. aka revenge

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3
Q

Quote from the book of exodus 21:24-27

A

‘Eye for an eye, tooth for tooth”

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4
Q

Quote from Matthew 5:38-40

A

“If anyone slaps you on the right cheek, turn to them the other cheek also”

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5
Q

what does repentance mean in terms of retribution and second chances

A

repentance involves contrition (saying sorry), confession and satisfaction (promising not to repeat the sin)

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6
Q

story of Zacchaeus

A

Zacchaeus was a corrupt chief tax collector who stole money from people. Zacchaeus then met Jesus and changed his life and repaid his victims.

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7
Q

analysis of repentance in terms of retribution

A

they would believe that if the person was remorseful of their actions that they are worthy of a second chance and its not fair to sentence them to death

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8
Q

martin luther jr quote about forgiveness

A

“darkness cant drive out darkness, only light can do that. hate cannot drive out hate, only love can do that”

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9
Q

analysis of Martin Luther King Jr quote for retribution

A

the government shouldnt be using retribution as a punishment because it doesn’t prevent the future crimes it only rights the wrong but killing someone to punish them for killing someone is wrong and will get them no where

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10
Q

essay plan for evaluate the non-religious responses to the moral issues raised by retribution as a purpose of punishment

A

define retribution
give an example - death penalty
moral issue - is it fair for the government to be hypocritical
non-religious response - Peter Singer utilitarian - analysis of what it would mean.
How it would affect world
Evaluate - make own judgement
moral issue - it doesn’t allow the offender to change and become a productive member of society
non-religious response -humanism - analysis of what it would mean
how it would affect world
evaluate - make own judgement
moral issue - it doesn’t reduce crime rates, does nothing to prevent the wrongs of the future only to right the wrong committed, the justice system fails in its moral responsibility
religious response - Jeremy Bentham utilitarian - analysis of what it would mean
how it would affect the world
evaluate - make own judgement

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11
Q

what did Peter Singer say about retribution and a hypocritical government

A

he states that much more happiness is caused by living in a “moral, compassionate and humane society” than one obsessed with revenge

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12
Q

Jeremy Bentham quote on righting the wrong

A

“We inflict punishment to deter future mischief… mischief detracts from our happiness”
He later stated that a punishment would be moral only if it was actually effective in reducing crime rates

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13
Q

Analysis of Jeremy Bentham in terms of retribution and righting wrongs

A

Would agree that the justice system fails in its moral responsibility because it doesn’t prevent future crimes at all and only focuses on the current crime being committed

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14
Q

Essay plan for evaluate the religious responses to the moral issues raised by deterrence as a purpose of punishment

A

Define deterrence
Give an example - prison
Moral issue - in order for a deterrence to work it has to be harsh and in some cases it’s the unfair to punish someone above and beyond the crime they have committed in order to send others a message
Religious response - romans 12 -analysis of what it means for Christian’s
How it affects the world
Evaluate - make own judgement
Moral issue - it won’t deter everyone, some hardened criminals may not be deterred because of the luxuries they get in prison
Religious response - book of exodus 21:24-27 - analysis of what it would mean for Christian’s
How it would affect the world
Evaluate - make own judgement
Moral issue - it ignores the causes of crime, often crimes are committed to fund drug use and the criminals don’t think about the consequences it would cause
Religious response - story of zacchaeus - analysis of what it would mean to Christian’s
How it would affect the world
Evaluate - make own judgement

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15
Q

What is deterrence

A

punishment for the purpose of showing others the negative consequences of crime to prevent them from breaking the law themselves

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16
Q

What does romans 12 say

A

“Do not be overcome by evil, but overcome evil with good”

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17
Q

Analysis of romans 12 in terms of harsh deterrence punishments

A

We shouldn’t be harsh and punish people harshly just to send out a message and we should treat these people with respect

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18
Q

Analysis of book of exodus 21:24-27 in terms of deterrence

A

Deterrents need to be tough and to support the biblical concept of “life for life” as otherwise criminals will think that the potential rewards outweigh the negatives of the punishment

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19
Q

Analysis of the story of zacchaeus in terms of deterrence

A

Rather than trying to deter people from committing the crime again by giving them a harsh deterrence sentence we should try and support people to change their ways as everyone can change their ways with the right support.

20
Q

essay plan for evaluate the non-religious responses to the moral issues raised by deterrence as a purpose of punishment

A

Define deterrence
Give an example - prison
Moral issue - in order for a deterrence to work it has to be harsh and in some cases it’s the unfair to punish someone above and beyond the crime they have committed in order to send others a message
Religious response - humanists treat people with dignity -analysis of what it means for Christian’s
How it affects the world
Evaluate - make own judgement
Moral issue - it won’t deter everyone, some hardened criminals may not be deterred because of the luxuries they get in prison
Non -Religious response -United Nations human rights declaration - analysis of what it would mean
How it would affect the world
Evaluate - make own judgement
Moral issue - it ignores the causes of crime, often crimes are committed to fund drug use and the criminals don’t think about the consequences it would cause
Non - Religious response - utilitarianism greatest good for greatest amount -analysis of what it would mean to utilitarians
How it would affect the world
Evaluate - make own judgement

21
Q

Analysis of humanist response to harsh deterrence

A

It’s unfair to give harsh punishments everyone should be treated with dignity and respect and this is exploited if they are facing something so unfair

22
Q

What does the United Nations Human Rights Declaration state

A

“No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhumane or degrading treatment and punishment”

23
Q

Analysis of United Nations Human Rights Declaration in terms of deterrence and treatment

A

They wouldn’t be in favour of any deterrent punishments that cause humans to suffer or be treated cruelly

24
Q

Analysis of utilitarianism for deterrence

A

Although one criminal is facing difficult situation, the majority of people are benefitted and it’s therefore the right thing to do

25
Q

essay plan for evaluate the religious responses to the moral issues raised by protection as a purpose of punishment

A

Define protection
Give an example - prison
Moral issue - only moves the problem to a different area, assaults and harming in prison to staff or others
Ku - former uk government prisons minister Douglas herd stated that “prison is an expensive way of making bad people worse”
Religious response - story of zacchaeus -analysis - what it would mean for Christian’s
How it would affect world
Evaluate - make own judgement
moral issue - the treatment of prisoners, cell time, food
statistic from the Scottish prisoner survey
religious response - stewardship - analysis of what it would mean for Christians
make a judgement
moral issue - is the fact that there are currently no prisoners in Scotland serving a full life sentence- even murderers serving a ‘life’ sentence will one day be eligible for parole after they have completed the “punishment part” of their life sentence and convinced the authorities that they are not a danger to the public
case study - Stephen Ryan
religious response - our father - analysis of what it would mean for Christians
evaluate - make own judgement

26
Q

what is protection

A

punishment for the purpose of removing and isolating dangerous people from society to protect everyone else in society

27
Q

Analysis of the story of Zacchaeus for protection moving the issue to another place

A

No one is a lost cause and everyone can change this is why they wouldn’t be in favour of locking someone up and it may protect people of the public but it doesn’t protect people in prison

28
Q

Statistic from the Scottish prisoner survey

A

the leading cause of death in prison is heart disease

29
Q

What is stewardship

A

the belief that humans were created with a duty of caring for the world and everything in it - including prisoners

30
Q

Analysis of stewardship in terms of inhumane conditions for protection

A

It’s not fair to lock people up and treat them wrong it’s our duty to protect gods creations and we are failing to do so

31
Q

case study of Stephen Ryan

A

Convicted killer, Stephen Ryan, murdered an innocent pensioner less than a year after being freed from a life sentence given for another murder. Ryan killed just 11 months after being released from prison. The 43-year-old had been jailed for life in 1994 for the murder of Glasgow lawyer Marshall Stormonth. He was jailed again for life in 2015 for the murder of Gordon Murphy.

32
Q

quote of Our father as response to protection

A

“Forgive us our trespasses, as we forgive those who trespass against us.”

33
Q

analysis of our father in terms of protection

A

that protection being time limited is appropriate as Christians should be looking to forgive people for their past mistakes and give them a chance to re-join society, rather than locking them away forever.

34
Q

essay plan for evaluate the non-religious responses to the moral issues raised by protection as a purpose of punishment

A

Define protection
Give an example - prison
Moral issue - only moves the problem to a different area, assaults and harming in prison to staff or others
Ku - former uk government prisons minister Douglas herd stated that “prison is an expensive way of making bad people worse”
Non - Religious response -utilitarianism greatest good for greatest amount -analysis - what it would mean for utilitarians
How it would affect world
Evaluate - make own judgement
moral issue - the treatment of prisoners, cell time, food
statistic from the Scottish prisoner survey
non - religious response - humanism- analysis of what it would mean
evaluate - make a judgement
moral issue - is the fact that there are currently no prisoners in Scotland serving a full life sentence- even murderers serving a ‘life’ sentence will one day be eligible for parole after they have completed the “punishment part” of their life sentence and convinced the authorities that they are not a danger to the public
non-religious response -united nations human rights declaration - analysis of what it would mean
evaluate - make own judgement

35
Q

analysis of utilitarianism in terms of danger in prison for protection

A

although criminals may face a sentence of protection, the benefits could outweigh the cons as the sentences will keep society safe from the criminal which would positively impact the majority of people in society as there would be fewer crimes. It would also result in society feeling safer and having a sense of ‘justice being served’ due to the severity and harshness of the punishment which might lead to greater faith in the justice system

36
Q

analysis of humanism in terms of inhumane treatment

A

everyone should be treated woth dignity and respect and therefore its wrong to lock someone up in harsh conditions even if it means that it protects others

37
Q

analysis of the united nations human rights declaration in terms of never having full life sentences

A

the United Nations would not be in favour of any sentence which was cruel or degrading including locking someone up for the rest of their natural life with no hope of release. A further consequence of full life sentences with no hope of release is that the family members of a criminal could be negatively impacted by watching their loved one suffer with no hope of release

38
Q

essay plan for evaluate the religious responses to the moral issues raised by reformation as a purpose of punishment

A

define reformation
give an example - rehabilitation
moral issue -it is too soft on crime as the focus is on helping the criminal to change rather than getting justice for victims.
religious response - the story of zacchaeus - analysis of what it would mean for Christians
how it would affect the world
evaluate - make your own judgement
moral issue - helping some of our most violent prisoners to change is essential as there are currently no prisoners in Scotland serving a full life
religious response - our father - analysis of what it means for Christians
how it would affect the world
evaluate - make own judgement
moral issue - we are putting our money from tax payers into helping a criminal to turn their life around but giving nothing t the victim, is that fair ?
religious response - love your enemies Matthew 5:38-40 - analysis of what it would mean for Christians
how it would affect the world
evaluate - make own judgement

39
Q

what is reformation

A

punishment for the purpose of educating and counselling a person about what they have done wrong and seeking to change their ways so they can become a productive member of society

40
Q

analysis of the story of zacchaeus in terms of reformation being too soft

A

the that there is no such thing as a lost cause and that everyone can change and this is why Christians are in favour of purposes of punishment which help the offender to change their ways.

41
Q

analysis of our father in terms of helping the prisoners

A

This implies that reform is important for Christians as helping people to change their ways and put their life of crime behind them will allow them to be forgiven for their actions by giving back to society after their release. A consequence of this is the need for something to be done to support the offender to change their ways during the period of imprisonment as there is no point punishing someone without trying to fix the problems that led them to committing crimes in the first place.

42
Q

quote for love your enemies in terms of reformation being expensive

A

“love your enemies and pray for those who prosecute you”

43
Q

analysis of love your enemies in terms of reformation being expensive

A

we should help to make our enemies better people and give them the support even if it means it takes money out of our pockets they’ve made a mistake and we should forgive their sins and help them change for the better

44
Q

essay plan for evaluate the non religious responses to the moral issues raised by reformation as a purpose of punishment

A

define reformation
give an example - rehabilitation
moral issue -it is too soft on crime as the focus is on helping the criminal to change rather than getting justice for victims.
non-religious response - utilitarianism jermey bentham - analysis of what it would mean for utilitarians
how it would affect the world
evaluate - make your own judgement
moral issue - helping some of our most violent prisoners to change is essential as there are currently no prisoners in Scotland serving a full life
religious response - united nations human rights declaration - analysis of what it means
how it would affect the world
evaluate - make own judgement
moral issue - we are putting our money from tax payers into helping a criminal to turn their life around but giving nothing t the victim, is that fair ?
non-religious response - humanism second chances - analysis of what it would mean
how it would affect the world
evaluate - make own judgement

45
Q

analysis of utilitarianism in terms of reformation being too soft

A

is that although criminals may face a sentence of reformation, the benefits could outweigh the cons as the sentences will help the offender to change and turn their back on crime which would positively impact the majority of people in society as there would be fewer crimes going forward

46
Q

analysis of the united nations human rights declaration in terms of reformation and life sentences

A

the United Nations would not be in favour of any reformation sentences which treated people in a cruel or inhumane way as part of the process of helping them to change their ways. A further consequence of this is that if the government can design a humane reformation process that works, there will be one less person committing crime for the public to worry about and one more person contributing to society as a responsible crime free citizen.

47
Q

analysis of humanists belief about second chances in terms of reformation and being expensive

A

everyone deserves a second chance and if it means that we have to take money out of our pockets to do so then its still the right option

morality and justice higher (3 decks)

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