Purple Page Review

Question 1

What is hydrolysis?

Answer 1

Hydrolysis reactions are just reactions that use water to break down complex molecules into simpler ones

Hydro = water and lysis = to cut

Question 2

What is condensation?

Answer 2

The opposite of hydrolysis. Process of combing two simpler molecules to make a complex molecule by taking away water

Question 3

What are amphipathic molecules?
What does Amphipile mean?

Answer 3

Amphipile “amphis” means both and “Philia” means love, so basically, Amphipiles are just molecules/compound possessing two properties (like two things at the same time)

Question 4

What are amphipathic molecules?
Hydrophilic and hydrophobic meaning?

Answer 4

Hydrophilic = water loving / fat hating/ polar
Hydrophobic = water hating / fat loving / non-polar

Common compounds that are both hydrophobic and hydrophilic are:
- phospholipids
- soaps

Question 5

What are the functions of carbohydrates?
What are the kinds?

Answer 5

function: key source of energy (glucose), cell signalling, and form structural components (cellulose in plants make up the cell wall)

Monomers / monosaccharides/ single sugars
= glucose, fructose, galactose
Disaccharides / two sugars
= maltose, lactose
Polymers / polysaccharides/ many sugars
= starch, cellulose, etc

Question 6

What is the structure of proteins?

Answer 6

The general protein structure has an amino acid, carbonyl group, amd variable (R) group - different side chains results in different amino acids

Question 7

What is a monomer?

Answer 7

Amino acid; there are 20 of them, so there are numerous combinations

Question 8

What is a polymer?

Answer 8

Functional protein, like ATP synthase
Amino acid > polypeptide chain > helix/sheet > functional protein

Question 9

What is a peptide bond?

Answer 9

What the bonds are called in proteins
Acid end + amino end = peptide bond

Question 10

Protein functions
Support/structure:
Metabolism:
Chemical reactions:
Transport:
Defence:
Motion:

Answer 10

Support/structure: keratin is a protein that makes up hair and nails
Metabolism: hormone proteins like insulin help with uptake of glucose
Chemical reactions: enzymes
Transport: hemoglobin transport oxygen
Defence: antibodies fight foreign subjects and prevent them from destroying the cell
Motion: actin and myosin allow muscles to contract and release