Purp. Comm MT Flashcards
This means being able to send clear and concise (7 C’s) messages, and this message is clearly heard and understood by the receiver (provides the appropriate feedback).
Effective Communication
7 C’s of Effective Communication
Clarity
Completeness
Conciseness
Concreteness
Correctness
Courteous
Coherent
It is the sending and receiving of information and can be one-on-one or between groups of people, and can be face-to-face or through communication devices.
Communication
It is the ability to understand and appreciate different cultures, as well as to communicate effectively with people from different backgrounds.
Multicultural Communication
It is how a group of people live, including their beliefs, traditions, and way of life.
Culture
The communication between two different cultures.
Intercultural Communication
Types of Intercultural Communication Process
Symbolic
Transactional
Interpretive
Contextual
- Associated with collectivistic cultures.
- An emphasis and sensitivity to unspoken, nonverbal messages.
High-Context Cultures
- Associated with individualist cultures.
- Relies on spoken messages, and verbal expression.
Low-Context Cultures
English is originated in ________ and was spoken by the Germanic tribes.
Northern Europe
The word England and English originated from the Old English word Engla-land, literally meaning “the land of the Angles” where they spoke ___________.
Englisc
They have different accents, different words for the same things, and even different ways of spelling the same words.
English Varies
Many different versions of English are spoken around the globe. Each version of English has been influenced by the local language of the country where it’s spoken.
World Englishes
It is the version of English that people from different countries use to communicate with each other.
Global English
This term was coined by Braj Kachru (1932-2016) an Indian linguist who studies the spread of the English language. He concluded the three circles of the English model.
World Englishes
The term World Englishes are coined by ____________ (1932-2016).
Braj Kachru
English as the Native Language (ENL)
Kachru describes these languages as norm-providing, meaning all the norms of the English language come from these Englishes.
Example:
Canada
Australia
United States
United Kingdom
Inner Circle
English as the Secondary Language (ESL)
They have their native language but continue to give importance to English in different aspects. Kachru describes these as norm-developing Englishes. The norms developed by the inner circle are further developed here.
Example:
Philippines
India
Singapore
Indonesia
Outer Circle
English as the Foreign Language (EFL)
Consists of countries that consider English as a foreign language and do not hold any importance in it. Kachru describes these languages as norm-dependent as they don’t develop their own ‘Englishes’.
Examples:
China
Russia
South Korea
Japan
Expanding Circle
All the words used in a particular language or subject, or a dictionary.
Lexicon
The study of meanings in a language.
Semantics
It described all the varieties of English in the United Kingdom. It is well-known for its unique accent called the Received Pronunciation. This English is classified as non-rhotic.
British English
It is often compared to British English, the most notable difference between the two are accent and choice of words. This is the English we Filipinos are familiar with. The English is classified as rhotic.
American English
It is an English that has distinct grammatical features such as using double-negations, the unique usage of the verb “be”, and its set of “slangs”.
African-American English
It is frequently characterized by its use of the “long I” (/ai/) sound. Its accent and vocabulary are similar to the British RP accent but is a mix of British and American English in terms of grammar.
Australian English
It is an English dialect with a unique blend of American English and Philippine English.
It has its own grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation.
Philippine English
According to ___________ (2003), miscommunication in a cross-cultural setting can be minimized if one is aware of the different areas wherein misinterpretation can occur.
AJ Schuler
8 Potential Hotspots in Intercultural Communication
Opening and Closing Conversation
Taking turns during conversations
Interrupting
Using Silence
Using Appropriate Topics of Conversation
Using Humor
Knowing How Much to Say
Sequencing Elements During a Conversation
Who initiates conversations.
How individuals are addressed.
When conversations should end.
Opening and Closing Conversations
Some cultures value immediate responses.
Other prioritize listening before commenting.
Taking turns during conversations
Acceptable within certain contexts in some cultures.
Viewed as impolite in others.
Interrupting without understanding cultural differences can disrupt communication flow.
Interrupting
Can signify thoughtfulness or hostility.
Misunderstandings can arise if silence is misinterpreted.
Using Silence
Influenced by religion, education, and societal norms.
Discussing sensitive topics without cultural awareness can lead to discomfort or offense.
Using Appropriate Topics of Conversation
Varied across cultures.
Can enhance rapport or offend.
Cultural context determines the appropriateness of humor.
Using Humor
Directness vs. Indirectness
Cultural preferences influence communication approaches
Knowing how much to say
Knowing when to introduce topics, change direction, or ask questions.
Failure to consider timing can lead to confusion or frustration.
Sequencing Elements During a Conversation
The principal method of human communication, either written or spoken words.
Languages
Is a language produced by articulate sounds, as opposed to a written languages.
Spoken Languages
Communication by means of written symbols/writing system.
Written Languages
A general term for any distinctive form of a language triggered by social factors.
Language Variety
A simplified speech used for communication between people with different languages
Pidgin
Same as pidgin that become the first language of the children and mother tongue of the community but language is a table natural language developed from a mixture of different languages.
Creole
Not a distinct language but a variety of a language spoken in a particular area of a country.
Regional Dialect
A particular minority ethnic group have their own variety which they use as a marker of identity that mark of identity, usually alongside a standard variety.
Minority Dialect
Are spoken mainly as second languages in ex-colonies with multilingual populations.
Indigenized Varieties
According to Norquist (2018), a register is a way a speaker uses language differently in different circumstances determined by factors such as social occasion, context, purpose, and audience determining the vocabulary, structure, and some grammar in one’s writing and even in one’s oral discourse.
Register
A register voice that describes various styles of language available for writing or speaking that show an impression left of your voice on others.
Language Register
Languages that rarely change that refer to historical languages and communication.
Frozen
One-way communication that shows respect, uninterrupted, and restrained.
Formal
Used when speaking to a friend or a family member.
Casual
Used when speaking to a lover or in a private conversation.
Intimate
Used by experts who can offer advice.
Consultative
Appropriate for professional writing or letter that will be given to a superior.
Formal Language Register
Appropriate for writing to a friendly and family relative.
Informal Language Register
Not a writing of formal or informal but writing that is used to deliver facts or news.
Neutral Language Register
