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Neuro (Midterm) > Pupillary defects > Flashcards

Pupillary defects Flashcards

1
Q

Whate are the categories of pupil abnormalities

A

Abnormal pupil size
Abnormal pupil reaction

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2
Q

Condition with abnormal pupil size

A

Adies tonic pupil
Horner’s syndrome

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3
Q

What is blocked in adie’s tonic pupil

A

Parasympathetic block

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4
Q

What is blocked in horner’s syndrome

A

Sympathetic block

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5
Q

Condition with abnormal pupil reaction

A

Marcus gun pupil
Parinauds syndrome
Argyll Robertson pupil

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6
Q

Points to remember in pupillary defect/ anomalies.

A

> Any lesion located from the retina to the pretectal nucleus is considered a relative afferent pupillary defect.

> Any lesion located from pre-ganglionic to post ganlionic fiber is considered a telative afferent pupillary defect.

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7
Q

Defect with lesion is at retina—> pretectal nucleus

A

Relative afferent pupillar defect

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8
Q

Defect when lesion is at preganglionic —> postganglionic

A

Relative efferent pupillary defect

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9
Q

Location of lesion if relative afferent pupillary defect

A

Retina

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10
Q

Location pf lesion if relative efferent pupillary defect

A

Pre-ganglionic to post-anlionic fiber

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11
Q

What are the diseases that can cause marcus gun?

A

CRAO
CRVO
BRVO
Optic Atrophy
Marked retinal Detachment
Asymmetric POAG

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12
Q

T/F | Does a loss of vision due to corneal, lenticular, vitreous refractive or emotional can produce marcus gun response?

A

F

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13
Q

What is the method of diagnosis in marcus gun?

A

Swinging flashlight test

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14
Q

In an affected eye with marcus gun the ____?response is greater than ____?

A

Consensual
Direct

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15
Q

What will happen when the light is directed into the normal right eye? (Direct and consensual) bothe eyes are _____?

A

Smaller

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16
Q

In patient with marcus gun, when the light is directed into affected eye, both eyes are____

A

Larger

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17
Q

It is a parasympathetic condition that is central and bilateral in nature.

A

Argyll Robertson Pupil

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18
Q

What are the 3 characteistic of Argyll Robertson Pupil?

A

Dilates poorly in the darkness
Does not respont to light
Normal near response

19
Q

What caused Alrgyll robertson pupil?

A

By interruption in the pattern of CN2 and CN3

20
Q

In Argyll Robertson Pupil, any interruption of both afferent pathway and central inhibitory fibers ______ to tge aqueduct

A

Ventral

21
Q

What are the common causes of Argyll Robertson?

A

Neurosyphilis
Long term diabetes
Alcoholism

22
Q

It is a bacterial Infection of the brain or spinal cord.

A

Neurosyphilis

23
Q

It is usually occur in people who have untreated syphilis for many years.

A

Neurosyphilis

24
Q

What are the 4 types of neurosyphilis?

A

Primary
Secondary
Latent
Tertiary

25
Q

What is Syphilis?

A

Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI)

26
Q

How does syphilis spread?

A

Spreads through Syphilis Sores

27
Q

T/F | is syphilis is treatable and relatively simple to prevent?

A

T

28
Q

What will happen if syphilis is untreated?

A

It will develop to Neurosyphilis (life threatining disease)

29
Q

Slowly progressive degeneration of the spinal cord that occur in the tertiary (third) phase of syphilis.

A

Tabes dorsalis

30
Q

What is the form of neurosyphilis that is Rare?

A

Tabes Dorsalis

31
Q

Other name of Tabes Dorsalis?

A

Syphilitic Myelopathy

32
Q

How many years does a tabes doralis affect the spinal cord after the initial syphilis infection?

A

20 years or more

33
Q

Tabes Dorsalis was characterized by ____, ____, _____?

A

Gait unsteadiness, lighting pains and urinary incontinence.

34
Q

It is a chronic disorder of carbohydrate metabolism due to relative or absolute insulin deficiency.

A

Long term diabetes mellitus

35
Q

Long term diabetes mellitus is a disease of?

A

Pancreas (organ that produces insulin)

36
Q

_______? Works together with glucose in the bloodstream to help it enter the body cells to be burned for energy.

A

Insulin

37
Q

What happened if the insulin isn’t fuctioning properly?

A

The glucose cannot enter the cells

38
Q

What is a Central Defect?

A

Parinaud’s sydrome

39
Q

A lesion affecting the _____? and ______? with interruption to the __________?

A

Posterior commissure
Pretectal Nuclei
More dorsal afferent light pathway

40
Q

What happened if you have parinaud’s syndrome?

A

Large Pupil
Constrictly Briskly to an acommodative target
Constrict poorly to light (dilate)

41
Q

Parinaud’s syndrome other names:

A

Dorsal midbrain
Pretectal
Sylvian aqueduct or
Koerbesalus-Elshing Syndrome

42
Q

Associated symptoms in Parinaud’s syndrome!

A

Vertical Gaze Defecit
Collier’s sign
Convergence- retraction nystagmus

43
Q

Other name of Marcus Gun?

A

Pupillary Escape

Neuro (Midterm) (2 decks)

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