Punishment 2

Question 1

Foucault and the birth of prison

Answer 1

• punishment changed after the 20th century- now more focus on changing the soul
• sovereign power to disciplinary power
• Jeremy Bentham’s ‘panopticon prison’
• CCTV in modern day
  x exaggerates the extent of control (Goffman) some may resist control

Question 2

Garland and the culture of control

Answer 2

• shift towards punishment since the 70s
• penal welfarism is not as common anymore

Question 3

3 elements of cultural control

Answer 3

• adaptive response- identifying groups who pose a threat to society
• the expressive strategy- changing how society views the crime
• the sovereign state strategy- mass imprisonment

Question 4

era of mass incarceration

Answer 4

in the USA in 1972, there were approximately 200,000 inmates in state and federal prisons, in 2008 there were 1,500,000

Question 5

criticism of culture of control

Answer 5

• Cohen- the state brings in other professionals such as psychiatrists and psychologists to justify state intervention

Question 6

Punishment in the UK

Answer 6

• Murray- prison is effective because of incapacitation and because it acts as a deterrent.
• Liebling and Crow- prison allegedly prevents recidivism

Question 7

Reasons why people reoffend (Liebling and Crow)

Answer 7

• prison interrupts family life, self concept, prisons are a school for crime
• 50% of prisoners are reconvicted of an offence within two years of being released and 35% end up back in prison