Punishment

Question 1

Punishment definition

Answer 1

A penalty or sanction given for any crime or offence

Question 2

2 justifications for punishment in society

Answer 2

Reduction & retribution

Question 3

Reduction

Answer 3

View that punishment prevents future crime from occurring. Can be through deterrence, rehabilitation or incapacitation

Question 4

Retribution

Answer 4

Based on the idea that offenders deserve to be punished and that society is entitled to take its revenge on the offender

Question 5

Functionalist view of punishment

Answer 5

Its function is to uphold social solidarity and reinforce shared norms and values. Punishment is primarily expressive -through rituals of order e.g public trial, society’s norms and values are reaffirmed and its members come together to feel moral unity

Question 6

Retributive justice (traditional society)

Answer 6

Punishing offenders rather than rehabilitating - strong sesne of collective consciousness and solidarity based on similarities to one another. When broken, punishment is severe

Question 7

Restitutive justice (modern society)

Answer 7

Focuses on reconcilliation and rehabilitation. Emphasis on individualism and solidarity is based on interdependence. Purpose is to repair damage crime does

Question 8

How do marxists view imprisonment?

Answer 8

A way of maintaining class order and protecting wealth

Question 9

Which sociologist argues the function of punishment is to maintain existing social order?

Answer 9

Thompson

Question 10

What do marxists believe punishment is?

Answer 10

Part of the repressive state apparatus which protects the bourgeoisie from the proletariat

Question 11

What do Rusche and KIrchheimer argue punishment reflects?

Answer 11

The economic base of society. Each type of economy has its own corresponding penal system. Under capitalism, imprisonment becomes the dominant form of punishment because in the capitalist economy time is money and offenders pay by doing time