punctuation and grammar conventions Flashcards
sentences are made up of two parts: the __ and the __
subject and predicate
the subject is:
the “do-er” of an action or an element that is being joined. Any adjectives describing this do-er or element are also part of the subject.
the predicate is:
made up of the verb and any other adverbs, adjectives, pronouns, or clauses that describe the action of the sentence.
a simple sentence
contains one independent clause (which contains one subject and one predicate)
Identify the subject and predicate:
The dancer bowed.
subject; dancer
predicate: bowed
Identify the subject and predicate:
Nathan skied down the hill.
subject; Nathan
predicate; skied down the hill
a compound sentence
made up of two independent clauses
that are joined by a conjunction, a correlative conjunction (e.g., either- or, neither-nor), or a semicolon
Identify the subject, predicate, and conjunction:
Samantha ate the cookie, and she drank her milk.
subject; Samantha, she
predicate; ate the cookie, drank her milk
conjunction; and
Identify the subject, predicate, and conjunction:
Mark is excellent with computers; he has worked with them for years.
subject; Mark, he
predicate; is excellent with computers, has worked with them for years
Identify the subject, predicate, and conjunction:
Either Terry runs the project or I will not participate.
subject; Terry, I
predicate; runs the project, will not participate
conjunction; or
a complex sentence
made up of one independent clause and at least one dependent clause
Identify the subject and predicates:
When Jody saw how clean the house was, she was happy.
subject; Jody, she
predicate; saw, was happy
Brian loves taking diving lessons, which he has done for years.
subject; Brian, he
predicate; loves, has done
In a quoted statement that is either declarative or imperative, place the period __ the closing quotation marks.
inside
Place the period:
“The airplane crashed on the runway during takeoff”
“The airplane crashed on the runway during takeoff.”
If the quotation is followed by other words in the sentence, place a comma inside the closing quotations marks and a period at the end of the sentence.
“The airplane crashed on the runway during takeoff,” said the announcer.
There is an instance in which the final quotation mark precedes the period: if the content of the sentence is about a speech or quote, and the understanding of the meaning might be confused by the placement of the period.
The first thing out of his mouth was “Hi, I’m home.” but the first line of his speech began “I arrived home to an empty house”.
In sentences that are interrogatory or exclamatory, the question mark or exclamation point should be positioned outside the closing quotation marks if the quote itself is a statement or command or a cited title.
Who decided to lead us in the recitation of the “Pledge of Allegiance”?
Why was Tillie shaking as she began her recitation, “Once upon a midnight dreary…”?
I was embarrassed when Mrs. White said, “Your slip is showing”!
In sentences that are declarative but in which the quotation is a question or an exclamation, place the question mark or exclamation point inside the quotation marks.
The hall monitor yelled, “Fire! Fire!” “Fire! Fire!” yelled the hall monitor.
Cory shrieked, “Is there a mouse in the room?”
