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Pulmonology > pulmonology vocabulary > Flashcards

pulmonology vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

also called adult respiratory distress syndrome

A

acute respiratory failure in adults characterized by tachypnea, dyspnea, cyanosis, tachycardia, and hypoxia

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2
Q

aerosol therapy

aer/o = air

A

medication suspended in a mist so that it may be inhaled; often delivered by a nebulizer or metered-dose inhaler

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3
Q

antitussive
anti- = against
tuss/o = cough

A

medication to relieve the urge to cough

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4
Q

arterial blood gases (ABGs)
arteri/o= artery
-al = pertaining to

A

laboratory test for levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide present in the blood

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5
Q

asphyxia, asphyxiation

also called suffocation

A

lack of oxygen that can lead to unconsciousness and death if not corrected immediately; some common causes are drowning, foreign body in the respiratory tract, poisoning, and electric shock

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6
Q

aspirate

A

inhaling fluid or a foreign object in airways

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7
Q

asthma

A

disease caused by various conditions (such as allergies), resulting in bronchospasm, excessive mucus production, inflammation, airway constriction, wheezing, and coughing

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8
Q

atelectasis
atel/o = incomplete
-ectasis = dilated

A

condition in which lung tissue collapses, preventing respiratory exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

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9
Q

bronchodilator

bronch/o = bronchus

A

medication that causes bronchi to dilate

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10
Q 
bronchogenic carcinoma
bronch/o = broncus
-genic = producing
carcin/o = cancer
-oma = tumor, mass
A

malignant lung tumor that originates in the bronchi; often associated with a history of cigarette smoking

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11
Q 
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
cardi/o = heart
pulmon/o = lung
-ary = pertaining to
A

combination of external compressions to the sternum and rescue breathing to maintain blood flow and air movement in and out of the lungs during cardiac and respiratory arrest

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12
Q

chest x-ray (CXR)

A

taking a radiographic image of the heart and lungs; may be an anterior view, posterior view, or lateral view

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13
Q

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
also called chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD)
pulmon/o = lung
-ary = pertaining to

A

progressive, chronic, and usually irreversible condition in which airflow to and from the lungs is decreased; the patient can have severe dyspnea with exertion and cough

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14
Q

continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

A

machine that supplies constant and steady air pressure through a mask; keeps airways continuously open; common treatment for sleep apnea

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15
Q

crackles

A

abnormal rattling or crackling sound made during inhalation; caused by mucus or fluid in the airways; also called rales

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16
Q

croup

A

acute viral infection in infants and children; symptoms include dyspnea and a characteristic barking cough

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17
Q 
cystic fibrosis (CF)
fibr/o = fibrous
-osis = abnormal condition
A

genetic condition that causes a patient to produce very thick mucus resulting in severe congestion within the lungs and digestive system

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18
Q

emphysema

A

pulmonary condition resulting from destruction of alveolar walls leading to overinflated alveoli; can occur as a result of long-term heavy smoking or exposure to air pollution; characterized by dyspnea on exertion

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19
Q

endotracheal (ET) intubation
endo- = within
trache/o = trachea
-al = pertaining to

A

placing a tube through the mouth and into the trachea to maintain an open airway and facilitate artificial ventilation

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20
Q

expectorant

ex- = outward

A

medication that improves the ability to cough up mucus from the respiratory tract

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21
Q

Heimlich maneuver

A

technique for removing a foreign body from the trachea or pharynx by exerting sharp pressure on the diaphragm

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22
Q

hyperventilation

hyper- = excessive

A

to breath too quickly (tachypnea) and too deeply (hyperpnea)

23
Q

hypoventilation

hypo- = insufficient

A

to breathe too slowly (bradypnea) and too shallowly (hypopnea)

24
Q

hypoxia
hypo- = insufficient
ox/o = oxygen
-ia = condition

A

having an insufficient amount of oxygen in the body

25
Q

infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS)

also known as hyaline membrane disease (HMD)

A

condition seen in premature infants whose lungs have not had time to fully develop; lungs are not able to expand fully, causing extreme difficulty in breathing and can result in death

26
Q

influenza (flu)

A

acute viral infection of airways; usually highly contagious; symptoms include chills, fever, body aches, and dry cough

27
Q

intermittent positive pressure breathing (IPPB)

A

method of artificial ventilation using a mask connected to a machine that produces pressure to assist air to fill the lungs

28
Q

metered-dose inhaler (MDI)

A

mechanism that delivers aerosol therapy in a single puff of mist or powder

29
Q

nebulizer

A

mechanism that delivers aerosol therapy mist, usually via a mask, over time as a person breathes

30
Q

phlegm

A

thick mucus secreted by mucous membranes lining the respiratory tract; phlegm that is coughed out through the mouth is call sputum

31
Q

pleural effusion
pleur/o = pleura
-al = pertaining to

A

abnormal presence of fluid or gas in the pleural cavity; presence of this fluid can be detected by tapping the chest (percussion) or listening with a stethoscope (auscultation)

32
Q

pleural friction rub
pleur/o = pleura
-al = pertaining to

A

crunching sound made when inflamed pleurae rub against each other; likened to the sound of walking on fresh snow

33
Q

pleurisy

pleur/o = pleura

A

inflammation of the pleura

34
Q

pneumonia
pneumon/o = lung
-ia = condition

A

acute inflammatory condition of the lung, which can be caused by bacterial and viral infections, diseases, and chemicals; severe dyspnea and death can result when alveoli fill with fluid (pulmonary infiltrate)

35
Q

pneumothorax
pneum/o = lung
-throrax = chest

A

collection of air or gas in the pleural cavity, which can result in collapse of the lung

36
Q

postural drainage

A

drainage of secretions from the bronchi by placing the patient in a position that uses gravity to promote drainage; used for treatment of cystic fibrosis and bronchiectasis

37
Q 
pulmonary angiography
pulmon/o = lung
-ary = pertaining to
angi/o = vessel
-graphy = process of recording
A

injecting dye into a blood vessel for the purpose of taking an x-ray of arteries and veins of the lungs; diagnostic imaging test for a pulmonary embolism

38
Q

pulmonary edema
pulmon/o = lung
-ary = pertaining to

A

condition in which lung tissue retains an excessive amount of fluid; results in dyspnea

39
Q 
pulmonary embolism (PE)
pulmon/o = lung
-ary = pertaining to
embol/o = plug
A

blood clot or air bubble in the pulmonary artery or one of its branches; results in an infarct of lung tissue

40
Q

pulmonary function test (PFT)
pulmon/o = lung
-ary = pertaining to

A

diagnostic procedure to assess respiratory function by using a spirometer to measure airflow and lung volumes; often performed by respiratory therapists

41
Q

purulent

A

containing pus, as in purulent sputum

42
Q

respiratory rate (RR)

A

number of breaths per minute; one of the vital signs (respiratory rate, heart rate, temperature, blood pressure)

43
Q

severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)

A

severe and highly contagious viral lung infection with a high fever; threatened worldwide epidemic in 2003

44
Q

sputum

A

mucus or phlegm coughed up and spit out from the repiratory tract

45
Q

sputum culture and sensitivity (C&S)

A

testing sputum by placing it on a culture medium and observing any bacterial growth; the specimen is tested to determine the selection of an effective antibiotic

46
Q

sputum cytology
cyt/o = cell
-logy = study of

A

examination of sputum for malignant cells

47
Q

sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

A

unexpected and unexplained death of an apparently well infant; sleep apnea, airway spasms, and failure of nerves to stimulate the diaphragm have been studied as possible causes

48
Q

sweat test

A

diagnostic test for cystic fibrosis; children with this disease lose an excessive amount of salt in their sweat

49
Q

tuberculin skin tests (TB test)

A

diagnostic test for exposure to tuberculosis bacteria by injecting purified protein derivative (PPD) under the surface of the skin and evaluating the site for a reaction (also called Mantoux test)

50
Q

tuberculosis (TB)

A

infectious disease caused by tubercle bacillus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis; most commonly affects the respiratory system and causes inflammation and calcification in the lungs

51
Q

ventilation-perfusion scan

A

nuclear medicine image particularly useful in diagnosing pulmonary emboli; involves inhalation of radioactive tagged air to evaluate air movement (ventilation) and injection of radioactive tagged dye into the bloodstream to evaluate blood flow (perfusion) to the lungs

52
Q

ventilator

A

mechanical device to assist a patient to breath; also called a respirator

53
Q

wheeze

A

whistling sound that can be heard during either inhalation or exhalation; caused by the narrowing of bronchi as in asthma or infection; also called rhonchi

Pulmonology (5 decks)

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