Pulmonology Anatomy Review 6 2 2020 Flashcards
type of cell that secretes mucus in respiratory tract
goblet cells
what is function of goblet cells?
secret mucus
what is function of mucus?
trap contaminants
name type of epithelial cells that secrete mucus in respiratory mucosa
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelial cells
what are two primary functions of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelial cells
- secrete mucus
- cilia beat mucus north to the mouth
two parts of respiratory system (the organization of the respiratory system)
upper respiratory tract
(*note: all these anatomical components are pt of conducting system)
lower respiratory tract
:-)
two functional components of respiratory system
conducting portion
- conducts/transports the air
respiratory portion
- actual gas exchange
What’s the dividing line for upper and lower respiratory tract (kinda like the Mason-Dixon line for the respiratory system)?
larynx/trachea
from larynx north to nose = the Yankees
from trachea south to alveoli = the Confederates
name anatomical features of the conducting portion of the respiratory system
nose
nasal cavity
pharynx
larynx
trachea
progress down to smaller airways
(primary bronchi to terminal bronchioles)name anatomical features of the respiratory portion of the respiratory system
small airways
respiratory bronchioles
alveolar ducts
alveoli
Name the SIX respiratory system functions
O2 in/CO2 out filter sound smell blood pH water/heat removal
What’s a paranasal sinus? How many are there?
def = paired air spaces in the bones of the skull
qty = 4
name the paranasal sinuses
frontal
ethoid
sphenoidal
maxillary
What lines the paranasal sinuses?
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium (it’s everywhere!)
push on all four pairs of your own paranasal sinuses
don’t push too hard
good job
see slide 16 in “Respiratory Anatomy” PPT
the pharynx gets used by what two systems?
respiratory and digestive
it’s a common pathway for air and food
What are the three partitions of the pharynx?
nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx
What cells cover the nasopharynx?
pseudostratified ciliated colmnar epithelium (again! it’s really everywhere)
What passes through the nasopharynx?
just air
unless you’re that kid at camp who could pass a spaghetti noodle through his nose and out his mouth like dental floss
or unless you shoot milk out your nose while laughing…that kid was at camp too
What passageway do you find in the lateral walls of the nasopharynx?
paired auditory/eustachian tubes
these connect the nasopharynx to the middle ear
What is an adenoid? Where is it?
The slide isn’t super clear….it’s a pharyngeal tonsil, which is a soft tissue mass belonging to the lymph system?
I know where it is though!
It’s in the posterior nasopharnyx wall.
What kind of epithelium cells are contained in the oropharynx?
NONKERATINZIED STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM
you thought it would be pseudostratified ciliated columnar again, didn’t you?? NOT this time!
oropharynx has two pairs of “lymphatic organs”….what are they?
palatine tonsils
(“lateral wall b/w arches”)
lingual tonsils
(“base of the tongue”)
What kind of epithelium cells line the laryngopharynx?
NONKERATINIZED STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM
like the oropharynx
What are the borders of the laryngopharynx?
from hyoid bone to larynx/esophagus
What are borders of oropharynx?
soft palate to hyoid bone
What are the borders of the nasopharynx?
nasal cavity to soft palate
Larynx functions
- prevent swallowed materials from entering lower respiratory tract
- conduct air to lower resp tract
- sound production (my beautiful singing voice)
Nine C-rings of cartilage form framework of Larynx
Name the three single cartilages:
thyroid cartilage
cricoid cartilage
epiglottis
Nine C-rings of cartilage form framework of Larynx
Name the three PAIRS of cartilages:
arytenoid cartilages
cuneiform cartilages
cornicate cartilages
(all are hyaline cartilage)
hyaline = having a glassy, translucent appearance)
What is the glottis?
superior opening of the LARYNX
What is the epiglottis?
the flap that prevents food and drink from entering airway when swallowing
What type of cells are found in the larynx?
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelial cells
True vocal cords vs false vocal cords
TRUE FALSE
inferior ligaments called vocal folds superior ligaments called vestibular folds
produce sound when air passes no sound production (posers)
protectors of vocal folds
Three aspects of sound production
“loudness”
(force air is pushed through cords)
“quality of sound”
(resonating chambers like pharynx, oral cavity, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses)
“enunciation”
(muscles of face, tongue lips)
