Pulmonology Anatomy Review 6 2 2020 Flashcards

1
Q

type of cell that secretes mucus in respiratory tract

A

goblet cells

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2
Q

what is function of goblet cells?

A

secret mucus

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3
Q

what is function of mucus?

A

trap contaminants

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4
Q

name type of epithelial cells that secrete mucus in respiratory mucosa

A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelial cells

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5
Q

what are two primary functions of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelial cells

A
  • secrete mucus

- cilia beat mucus north to the mouth

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6
Q

two parts of respiratory system (the organization of the respiratory system)

A

upper respiratory tract
(*note: all these anatomical components are pt of conducting system)

lower respiratory tract

:-)

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7
Q

two functional components of respiratory system

A

conducting portion
- conducts/transports the air
respiratory portion
- actual gas exchange

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8
Q

What’s the dividing line for upper and lower respiratory tract (kinda like the Mason-Dixon line for the respiratory system)?

A

larynx/trachea

from larynx north to nose = the Yankees
from trachea south to alveoli = the Confederates

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9
Q

name anatomical features of the conducting portion of the respiratory system

A
nose
nasal cavity
pharynx
larynx
trachea
progress down to smaller airways
     (primary bronchi to terminal bronchioles)
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10
Q

name anatomical features of the respiratory portion of the respiratory system

A

small airways
respiratory bronchioles
alveolar ducts
alveoli

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11
Q

Name the SIX respiratory system functions

A
O2 in/CO2 out
filter
sound
smell
blood pH
water/heat removal
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12
Q

What’s a paranasal sinus? How many are there?

A

def = paired air spaces in the bones of the skull

qty = 4

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13
Q

name the paranasal sinuses

A

frontal
ethoid
sphenoidal
maxillary

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14
Q

What lines the paranasal sinuses?

A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium (it’s everywhere!)

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15
Q

push on all four pairs of your own paranasal sinuses

A

don’t push too hard

good job

see slide 16 in “Respiratory Anatomy” PPT

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16
Q

the pharynx gets used by what two systems?

A

respiratory and digestive

it’s a common pathway for air and food

17
Q

What are the three partitions of the pharynx?

A

nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx

18
Q

What cells cover the nasopharynx?

A

pseudostratified ciliated colmnar epithelium (again! it’s really everywhere)

19
Q

What passes through the nasopharynx?

A

just air

unless you’re that kid at camp who could pass a spaghetti noodle through his nose and out his mouth like dental floss

or unless you shoot milk out your nose while laughing…that kid was at camp too

20
Q

What passageway do you find in the lateral walls of the nasopharynx?

A

paired auditory/eustachian tubes

these connect the nasopharynx to the middle ear

21
Q

What is an adenoid? Where is it?

A

The slide isn’t super clear….it’s a pharyngeal tonsil, which is a soft tissue mass belonging to the lymph system?

I know where it is though!
It’s in the posterior nasopharnyx wall.

22
Q

What kind of epithelium cells are contained in the oropharynx?

A

NONKERATINZIED STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM

you thought it would be pseudostratified ciliated columnar again, didn’t you?? NOT this time!

23
Q

oropharynx has two pairs of “lymphatic organs”….what are they?

A

palatine tonsils
(“lateral wall b/w arches”)
lingual tonsils
(“base of the tongue”)

24
Q

What kind of epithelium cells line the laryngopharynx?

A

NONKERATINIZED STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM

like the oropharynx

25
Q

What are the borders of the laryngopharynx?

A

from hyoid bone to larynx/esophagus

26
Q

What are borders of oropharynx?

A

soft palate to hyoid bone

27
Q

What are the borders of the nasopharynx?

A

nasal cavity to soft palate

28
Q

Larynx functions

A
  • prevent swallowed materials from entering lower respiratory tract
  • conduct air to lower resp tract
  • sound production (my beautiful singing voice)
29
Q

Nine C-rings of cartilage form framework of Larynx

Name the three single cartilages:

A

thyroid cartilage

cricoid cartilage

epiglottis

30
Q

Nine C-rings of cartilage form framework of Larynx

Name the three PAIRS of cartilages:

A

arytenoid cartilages

cuneiform cartilages

cornicate cartilages

(all are hyaline cartilage)
hyaline = having a glassy, translucent appearance)

31
Q

What is the glottis?

A

superior opening of the LARYNX

32
Q

What is the epiglottis?

A

the flap that prevents food and drink from entering airway when swallowing

33
Q

What type of cells are found in the larynx?

A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelial cells

34
Q

True vocal cords vs false vocal cords

A

TRUE FALSE
inferior ligaments called vocal folds superior ligaments called vestibular folds
produce sound when air passes no sound production (posers)
protectors of vocal folds

35
Q

Three aspects of sound production

A

“loudness”
(force air is pushed through cords)
“quality of sound”
(resonating chambers like pharynx, oral cavity, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses)
“enunciation”
(muscles of face, tongue lips)