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Pulmonology Flashcards

1
Q

What type of lung disease is assessed by FEV1 and FEV1/FVC ratio?

A

Obstructive

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2
Q

What is the diagnostic value of FEV1/FVC for obstructive lung disease?

A

< 0.7

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3
Q

Which type of lung disease has a concave scooping in the lung tracing in the latter half of expiration?

A

Obstructive

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4
Q

When is a bronchoprovocation challenge indicated?

A

Patient with initial normal spirometry testing

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5
Q

What are the the three factors that cause variation in the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve?

A

Temperature
Acidosis (pH)
Phosphorus (2,3-DPG)

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6
Q

What is the treatment of methemoglobinemia?

A

100% O2

Methylene blue

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7
Q

What is the most common cause of stridor in the newborn?

A

Laryngomalacia

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8
Q

Which nerve is affected in vocal cord paralysis?

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

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9
Q

What genetic syndrome would you be worried about with the finding of laryngeal webs?

A

DiGeorge syndrome

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10
Q

What condition would you suspect in a newborn where trachea cannot be intubated even though larynx is visualized?

A

Tracheal agenesis

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11
Q

Which lobe is typically involved with lobar emphysema?

A

Left upper lobe

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12
Q

What is Scimitar Syndrome

A

Congenital Pulmonary Venolobar Syndrome

- Pulmonary venous blood from R lung returns to IVC

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13
Q

What type of shunt is Scimitar Syndrome?

A

L to R shunt

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14
Q

What is the most common cause of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations?

A

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT)

OR Osler Weber Rendu syndrome

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15
Q

What are the two classifications of pulmonary sequestrations?

A

Intralobar and extralobar

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16
Q

Are intralobar pulmonary sequestrations typically in the upper or lower lobes of the lungs?

A

Lower lobes

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17
Q

Are extralobar pulmonary sequestrations on the R or L side typically?

A

L side

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18
Q

What is the treatment of choice of pulmonary sequestrations?

A

Surgical removal

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19
Q

What are the most common cysts in infancy?

A

Bronchogenic cysts

20
Q

Are bronchgenic cysts moreso on the right or left?

A

Right

Single, unilocular

21
Q

What is the management of bronchogenic cysts?

A

Surgical removal

22
Q

What is eventration?

A

Marked elevation of the diaphragm

23
Q

What is the main virus responsible for croup?

A

Parainfluenza

24
Q

How long does racemic epi last?

25
Q

Virus most commonly causing bronchiolitis

26
Q

Which patients require the RSV vaccine (Synagis)?

A

Children < 2 y/o with chronic lung disease or congenital heart disease or infants < 29 weeks gestation in 1st winter

27
Q

T/F: Synagis should be discontinued if a patient receiving it acquires RSV

28
Q

In what setting are blood cultures recommended for pneumonia?

A

Inpatient, for severe pneumonia

29
Q

What are the values of pH, glucose, pleural fluid:serum glucose ratio & LDH that would be concerning for empyema?

A

pH < 7.30
glucose < 40
PF:SG ratio < 0.5
LDH > 1000

30
Q

What are the most common complications from S. pyogenes pneumonia?

A

Abscesses and empyema

31
Q

Which two bacteria should you be concerned about fora pneumonia with evidence of pneumatoceles on CXR?

A

S. pyogenes

S. aureus

32
Q

What is the definitive diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae?

A

IgM antibody

Possible cold agglutinin titer

33
Q

What is the treatment of histoplasmosis if persistent localized disease?

A

Itraconazole

34
Q

What is the treatment of disseminated histoplasmosis?

A

Amphotericin B

35
Q

Which fungus has a sputum sample showing a large, single, broad-based budding yeast?

A

Blastomycosis

36
Q

What is the treatment of indolent blastomycosis? Disseminated?

A

Indolent- Itraconazole

Disseminated- Amphotericin B

37
Q

What fungal infection should you expect in patient with asthma, with worsening symptoms and brown mucous plugs w/ peripheral eosinphilia?

38
Q

What is the treatment of ABPA?

A

Itraconazole

Steroids

39
Q

Gram positive diplococci seen in sputum sample w/ large number of PMNs and few epithelial cells most likely indicates which organism?

A

Strep pneumo

40
Q

What are the extrapulmonary manifestations of Mycoplasma pneumonia?

A

Hemolytic anemia, splenomegaly, erythema multiforme, arthritis, pharyngitis, confusion

41
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Omalizumab?

A

Blocks IgE receptors

42
Q

What viral illness particularly puts kids at risk for Bronchiolitis Obliterans

A

Adenovirus

43
Q

How is bronchiolitis obliterans diagnosed?

A

Lung biopsy

44
Q

What is the gold standard for diagnosis of bronchiectasis?

A

HRCT- high resolution CT

45
Q

T/F: Prematurity is a risk factor for SIDS

46
Q

Are boys or girls more commonly affected by SIDS?

47
Q

What are the sodium and chloride concentrations in a CF patient’s sweat?

A

> 60 meq/L

Pulmonology (1 decks)

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