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Exam 4 Patient Assessment/Communications > Pulmonology > Flashcards

Pulmonology Flashcards

1
Q

Where is Larynx located?

A

Upper airway

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2
Q

Where is the laryngopharynx located?

A

Upper airway

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3
Q

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

A

Left sided heart failure

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4
Q

Blood tinged sputum

A

Left sided heart failure

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5
Q

Expiratory wheeze

A

Asthma

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6
Q

Increase in CO2 retention

A

Pulmonary emphysema

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7
Q

Purse lip breathing

A

Pulmonary Emphysema

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8
Q

Bronchi collapse

A

Pulmonary Emphysema

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9
Q

Prolonged expiratory time

A

Pulmonary emphysema

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10
Q

The lower airway consists of?

A

Alveoli, Lungs, pulmonary and bronchial vessels

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11
Q

Digital clubbing

A

Pulmonary Emphysema

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12
Q

Air movement in and out of lungs

A

Ventilation

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13
Q

What structures are necessary for adequate ventilation?

A

Chest wall, Pleura, Diaphragm

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14
Q

Pink puffer

A

Pulmonary Emphysema

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15
Q

Blue bloater

A

Chronic bronchitis

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16
Q

Recurrent cough and sputum production

A

Chronic bronchitis

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17
Q

Visceral pleura is located on?

A

Lung surface

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18
Q

Hypercapnia

A

Chronic bronchitis

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19
Q

Acidosis

A

Chronic bronchitis

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20
Q

Active process of breathing

A

Inhalation

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21
Q

Distended jugular veins

A

Right sided heart failure

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22
Q

Ascites

A

Right sided heart failure

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23
Q

Dependent edema

A

Right sided heart failure

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24
Q

Passive process of breathing

A

Exhalation

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25
Q

What regulates ventilation?

A

Medulla, stretch receptors, changes in PCO2, COPD patients

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26
Q

What are the parts of the upper airway?

A

Nasal cavity, nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx, larynx

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27
Q

What are the requirements for pulmonary perfusion?

A

Adequate blood volume, Intact pulmonary capillaries, Efficient pumping action of heart

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28
Q

Flail chest

A

2 more more adjacent ribs broken in 2 or more places

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29
Q

What are some reasons for disruption in diffusion?

A

Hypoxia and damaged alveoli

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30
Q

Tall white males

A

Spontaneous pneumothorax

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31
Q

What is commonly seen with patients with orthopnea?

A

Patients are unable to sleep supine

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32
Q

White/yellow mucus

A

Chronic Bronchitis

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33
Q

Unproductive cough

A

Emphysema

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34
Q

Pink frothy sputum

A

Pulmonary edema

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35
Q

Brown/rusty sputum

A

Pneumonia

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36
Q

Fever

A

Pneumonia

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37
Q

Hemoptysis

A

Pulmonary edema secondary to CHF

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38
Q

1-2 word dyspnea

A

Pulmonary emphysema

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39
Q

What are the 4 parts of a physical exam with airway emergencies?

A

Inspection, Palpation, Percussion, Auscultation

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40
Q

Barrel chested

A

Emphysema

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41
Q

Tracheal deviation moves in what direction from collapsed lung?

A

Towards collapsed lung

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42
Q

Tracheal deviation in a tension pneumothorax moves in what direction?

A

Away

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43
Q

Dull percussion is heard in?

A

Hemothorax or pneumothorax

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44
Q

Hollow percussion sounds are heard with?

A

Simple pneumothorax

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45
Q

Ominous breath sound

A

Stridor

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46
Q

Heard on inhalation

A

Stridor

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47
Q

Partial upper airway obstruction

A

Stridor

48
Q

MUSICAL respirations

A

Wheezing

49
Q

Heard on exhalation

A

Wheezing

50
Q

Coarse/rattling breath sound

A

Rhonchi

51
Q

Breath sound indicative of fluid in airways

A

Rales/Crackles

52
Q

Plural friction rub is seen with?

A

Inflammation of plura

53
Q

Swelling and redness of extremities are indicative of?

A

Venous clot

54
Q

Finger clubbing indicates?

A

Chronic hypoxia

55
Q

Heart rate in respiratory emergency is?

A

Tachycardic

56
Q

Systolic BP decrease on inhalation is known as?

A

Pulsus paradoxus

57
Q

Increased inter-thoracic pressure can result in?

A

Pulsus paradoxus

58
Q

PEFR

A

Peak Expiratory Flow Rate

59
Q

A graphic display of CO2 concentration

A

Capnography

60
Q

ARDS

A

Adult respiratory distress syndrome

61
Q

ARDS is mainly caused by?

A

Sepsis

62
Q

What is the first drug given for pulmonary edema?

A

Nitroglycerine

63
Q

CPAP is utilized for?

A

Pulmonary Edema

64
Q

Treatment for pulmonary edema

A

CPAP and nitroglycerine

65
Q

CPAP cannot be given if?

A

BP is less than 90.

CPAP creates an increase in intrathoracic patient which drops BP

66
Q

Trigger causes a release of histamine, causing bronchoconstriction and bronchial edema

A

Asthma

67
Q

Treatment goals for asthma

A

THREE “Ates”

Oxygenate
Hydrate
Dilate

68
Q

PROTOCOL INTERVENTION: ASTHMA

A 
Albuterol (2.5mg x3)
Atrovent (0.5mg X2) Mix 
Terbutaline (0.25mg SQ)
CPAP
Solumedrol (60-250mg IVP)
  • **Mag Sulfate (2GMs IV over 10 minutes) IF BRONCHODILATORS ARENT WORKING
  • *****EPI 1:1 (0.3mg IM) DEPENDING UPON AGE OF PATIENT
69
Q

Magnesium sulfate

A

Given if not responding to bronchodilators

70
Q

Greatly diminished breath sounds and not broken by bronchodilators

A

Status Asthmatics

71
Q

Fix for status asthmatics?

A

TUBE!!!

72
Q

Sharkfin capnography waveform indicates?

A

Bronchoconstriction

73
Q

What is normal SpO2 readings for emphysema patients?

A

88-92%

74
Q

Weakened and collapsed air sacs with excess mucus

A

Emphysema

75
Q

Loss of alveoli elasticity

A

Emphysema

76
Q

Ineffective cough

A

Emphysema

77
Q

Thin

A

Emphysema

78
Q

Increased red blood cells

A

Polycythemia

79
Q

Polycythemia

A

Emphysema

80
Q

Right heart failure caused by COPD

A

Cor Pulmonale

81
Q

1 cause of acute right heart failure

A

Pulmonary emboli

82
Q

PROTOCOL INTERVENTION: COPD

A

Albuterol (2.5mg) and Atrovent (0.5mg) mix nebulized
Terbutaline (0.25mg SQ) CAN BE GIVEN FIRST IF TIDAL VOLUME DECREASED
CPAP

83
Q

FAT

A

Chronic bronchitis

84
Q

Blue Bloater

A

Chronic bronchitis

85
Q

Productive cough

A

Bronchitis

86
Q

Odorless/colorless

A

Carbon Monoxide

87
Q

Binds to hemoglobin 200% faster than oxygen

A

Carbon monoxide

88
Q

First sign of carbon monoxide poisoning

A

Headache

89
Q

Late signs of carbon monoxide poisoning

A

Cherry-red appearance

90
Q

How will SpO2 read with carbon monoxide poisoning?

A

False high readings - carbon monoxide has bonded to hemoglobin

91
Q

Hyperbaric chamber treatment

A

Carbon Monoxide

92
Q

High flow oxygen administration will decrease the saturation of the carbon monoxide by?

A

Half amount in 1 hour

93
Q

Chest pain worsens on inspiration

A

Pulmonary Embolism

94
Q

Low SpO2 and low CO2

A

Pulmonary Embolism

95
Q

Saddled PE

A

Lodged at bifurcation of pulmonary artery

96
Q

Result from recent surgery, long bone fractures, postpartum, AFIB, birth control

A

PE

97
Q

Carpal/Pedal spasms

A

Hyperventilation

98
Q

Rales/rhonchi

A

Pulmonary Edema

99
Q

Pressure is higher in capillaries than alveoli

A

Pulmonary Edema

100
Q

PROTOCOL INTERVENTION: PULMONARY EDEMA

A

BP above 90 systolic

Nitroglycerine (0.4mg IV X3)
CPAP
Lasix (0.5mg/kg if on lasix; 1mg/kg if not on lasix)
Morphine (2-10mg IVP) MAX OUT ON NITRO BEFORE GIVING

101
Q

lasix is given for pulmonary edema due to?

A

vasodilation

102
Q

Morphine is given for pulmonary edema due to?

A

Vasodilation

103
Q

Pedal edema

A

Right sided heart failure

104
Q

JVD

A

Right sided heart failure

105
Q

Increase in peripheral venous pressure

A

Right sided heart failure

106
Q

Pulmonary edema is high permeability when

A

Including ARDS

107
Q

CPAP is not given if BP is less than?

A

90mmHg

108
Q

Vasodilators

A

Decrease preload

109
Q

PROTOCOL INTERVENTION: PULMONARY EDEMA

A

NTG 0.4mg SL repeated every 5 minutes up to 3 NTG doses total
CPAP

110
Q

Viral pneumonia

A

Not treated with antibiotics

111
Q

High risk for aspiration pneumonia

A

Altered mental status

112
Q

Three components of becks triad

A

Narrowing pulse pressure (difference btw systolic and diastolic)
Muffled heart tones
JVD

113
Q

Sudden onset of one-sided chest pain with difficulty breathing

A

Pulmonary embolism

114
Q

Oxyhemoglobin

A

Amount of oxygen bound to hemaglobin

115
Q

Deoxyhemoglobin

A

Decrease in oxygen levels bound to hemoglobin

CYANOSIS

116
Q

Carboxyhemoglobin

A

Amount of carbon monoxide bound to hemoglobin

Exam 4 Patient Assessment/Communications (3 decks)

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