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FMGE > Pulmonology > Flashcards

Pulmonology Flashcards

1
Q

_______ is the antidote for Cyanide Poisoning.

A

Hydroxycobalamin

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2
Q

_________ is the most common cause of Air Embolism.

A

Central venous catheter placement

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3
Q

_______ ECG pattern is classic for Acute Cor pulmonale associated with Pulmonary Embolism

A

S1Q3T3 pattern is seen on ECG (negative S wave in lead I, deep Q wave in lead III, T-wave inversion in lead III)

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4
Q

________ is the Antidote for Methemoglobinemia.

A

Methylene blue

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5
Q

What are the 3 signs seen on chest X-ray in Thromboembolism

A

Westermark sign
Hampton Hump sign
Palla sign (rare)

Westermark sign: Chest X-ray finding that indicates a focal area of increased translucency in the lung

Hampton Hump sign: Shallow, wedge-shaped opacity in the periphery of the lung on chest X-ray

Palla sign: Sausage appearance seen on chest X-ray indicating the enlarged right descending pulmonary artery

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6
Q

______ is the investigation of choice for interstitial lung diseases.

A

High resolution CT scan (HRCT)

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7
Q

______ is the gold standard diagnostic procedure for Deep venous thrombosis (DVT)

A

CT Angiogram

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8
Q

______ is the investigation of choice for Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

A

Spiral CT (due to cost effectiveness)

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9
Q

_______ is the treatment given for Asthma and _______ is the prophylaxis for Asthma.

A

Inhalation Salbutamol - Treatment
Inhalation Steroids - Prophylaxis

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10
Q

Can COX inhibitors cause drug induced Asthma?

A

Yes!

COX inhibitors increase the release of Leukotrienes through Lipoxygenase pathway leading to bronchospasm

It also decreases the Prostaglandin E2 which is an anti inflammatory Pg

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11
Q

COX inhibitors and ______ can cause drug induced Asthma.

A

Beta Blockers

As blockage of beta receptors can lead to bronchoconstriction.

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12
Q

________ is the drug of choice for Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

A

Ribavarin

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13
Q

_______ sign is seen in Aspergilloma.

A

Golden S sign

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14
Q

______ is the oxygen therapy of choice for ARDS.

A

CPAP

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15
Q

Tuberculosis causing inflammation of the Conjunctiva and the Cornea is called ______.

A

Phlyc Tenular Tuberculosis

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16
Q

________ is a form of Tuberculosis when it spreads to the skin.

A

Scrofuloderma

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17
Q

Tuberculosis of the spine is called _______.

A

Pott’s spine

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18
Q

Primary TB occurs commonly in _______ part of the lung whereas Secondary TB commonly occurs in _______ part of the lung.

A

Primary TB - Lower part of the upper lobe

Secondary TB - Apex of the lung

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19
Q

_____ vaccine prevents TB and other Mycobacterial infections. It’s also used in treatment of Bladder cancer.

A

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine

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20
Q

Microscopic finding of multiple Langhans giant cells is called ______

A

Gohn’s focus (Primary focus)

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21
Q

Ghon’s complex comprises of ______, _______ and _________.

A

Gohn’s focus
Hilar lymphadenopathy
Lymphangitis

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22
Q

Gohn’s complex surrounded by calcification is _______.

A

Gohn’s Lesion

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23
Q

If the TB spread above the clavicle, it is called ________ whereas TB spreading below the clavicle is called ________.

A

Above the clavicle - Simon’s focus
Below the clavicle - Assmann focus

24
Q

Multiple primary focus which shows a Snowstorm appearance is called _______.

A

Miliary TB

25
Q

_______ focus is a secondary TB focus that develops in the brain.

A

Rich focus

26
Q

False positive Mantoux test is seen in _______ and _______.

A

BCG vaccination and Leprosy

27
Q

False negative Mantoux test is seen in ______.

A

Immunocompromized patients

28
Q

_______ is the investigation of choice for a TB patient with HIV.

A

Quantiferon test

29
Q

What are the 1st line Anti-Tuberculosis drugs?

A

Rifampin
Isoniazide
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol

30
Q

What are the drugs given for Multi drug resistant TB?

A

Para-aminosalicylic acid
Kanamycin
Thioacetazone
Ofloxacin
Azithromycin
Augmentin

31
Q

______ is the treatment of choice for Extensive drug resistant Tuberculosis (XDRTB).

A

Removal of the part of the lung

32
Q

______ is the side effect caused by Rifampin.

A

Liver Failure

33
Q

_______ is the side effect caused by Isoniazide.

A

Peripheral Neuritis

34
Q

________ is the side effect caused by Pyrazinamide.

A

Gout

35
Q

________ is the side effect caused by Ethambutol.

A

Optic Neuritis

36
Q

_______ is the most common lung infection and _______ is the second most common lung infection in patients with HIV.

A

Most common - Tuberculosis

Second most - Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia)

37
Q

_______ is the most common drug given to patients with Hospital acquired Pneumonia.

A

Levofloxacin

38
Q

________ disease is also called the Salty baby syndrome.

A

Cystic Fibrosis

39
Q

Cystic fibrosis is an inherited disease caused by mutations of the ______ gene on chromosome ______.

A

Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene on chromosome 7

40
Q

Type 1 respiratory failure: ______ pO2 and ______ pCO2.

A

Low pO2 and normal/low pCO2

41
Q

Type II respiratory failure: ______ pO2 and ______ pCO2.

A

Low pO2 and High pCO2

42
Q

______ and ______ is seen on Chest X-ray of patients with COPD.

A

Increased bronchial vascular markings and Flattened diaphragm

43
Q

________ is the standard test for Cystic fibrosis.

A

Sweat chloride test

44
Q

Most common cause of Bronchiectasis is _______.

A

Cystic Fibrosis

Other causes include
- Kartagenar syndrome
- Foreign body ingestion
- Repeated infections due to low immunity

45
Q

Dry Bronchiectasis is seen in _______.

A

Secondary TB

46
Q

Central Bronchiectasis is seen in ______.

A

Aspergilloma

47
Q

________ drug is given to patients with pneumonia for prevention of bronchiectasis.

A

Tobramycin

48
Q

_______ is the treatment of choice for new born with cystic fibrosis.

A

Enema

49
Q

Amyloidosis associated with chronic bronchitis is ______ amyloidosis.

A

AA Amyloidosis

Lung diseases characterised by chronic inflammation (e.g. bronchiectasis and cystic fibrosis) can give rise to systemic AA (apolipoprotein serum amyloid A) amyloidosis

50
Q

The most common organ involved in Amyloidosis is _______.

A

Kidney

51
Q

Most common organ involved in Amyloidosis which causes death is _______.

A

Heart (Restrictive cardiomyopathy)

52
Q

Investigation of choice for Amyloidosis is _______.

A

Rectal biopsy with congo red staining

Congo red stains amyloid deposits red, while nuclei appear blue. When viewed under polarized light, the amyloid proteins appear apple-green, which is considered a pathognomonic sign of amyloid fibril deposits

53
Q

_____ organism is commonly involved in community acquired pneumonia.

A

Streptococcus

Followed by Klebsiella

54
Q

______ is the most common organism involved in Institutional and Hospital acquired Pneumonia.

A

Staphylococcus

55
Q

Chocolate color sputum is seen in _____ pneumonia.

A

Klebsiella pneumonia

Also known as Friedlander’s pneumonia

FMGE (1 decks)

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