Pulmonology

Question 1

_______ is the antidote for Cyanide Poisoning.

Answer 1

Hydroxycobalamin

Question 2

_________ is the most common cause of Air Embolism.

Answer 2

Central venous catheter placement

Question 3

_______ ECG pattern is classic for Acute Cor pulmonale associated with Pulmonary Embolism

Answer 3

S1Q3T3 pattern is seen on ECG (negative S wave in lead I, deep Q wave in lead III, T-wave inversion in lead III)

Question 4

________ is the Antidote for Methemoglobinemia.

Answer 4

Methylene blue

Question 5

What are the 3 signs seen on chest X-ray in Thromboembolism

Answer 5

Westermark sign
Hampton Hump sign
Palla sign (rare)

Westermark sign: Chest X-ray finding that indicates a focal area of increased translucency in the lung

Hampton Hump sign: Shallow, wedge-shaped opacity in the periphery of the lung on chest X-ray

Palla sign: Sausage appearance seen on chest X-ray indicating the enlarged right descending pulmonary artery

Question 6

______ is the investigation of choice for interstitial lung diseases.

Answer 6

High resolution CT scan (HRCT)

Question 7

______ is the gold standard diagnostic procedure for Deep venous thrombosis (DVT)

Answer 7

CT Angiogram

Question 8

______ is the investigation of choice for Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

Answer 8

Spiral CT (due to cost effectiveness)

Question 9

_______ is the treatment given for Asthma and _______ is the prophylaxis for Asthma.

Answer 9

Inhalation Salbutamol - Treatment
Inhalation Steroids - Prophylaxis

Question 10

Can COX inhibitors cause drug induced Asthma?

Answer 10

Yes!

COX inhibitors increase the release of Leukotrienes through Lipoxygenase pathway leading to bronchospasm

It also decreases the Prostaglandin E2 which is an anti inflammatory Pg

Question 11

COX inhibitors and ______ can cause drug induced Asthma.

Answer 11

Beta Blockers

As blockage of beta receptors can lead to bronchoconstriction.

Question 12

________ is the drug of choice for Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

Answer 12

Ribavarin

Question 13

_______ sign is seen in Aspergilloma.

Answer 13

Golden S sign

Question 14

______ is the oxygen therapy of choice for ARDS.

Answer 14

CPAP

Question 15

Tuberculosis causing inflammation of the Conjunctiva and the Cornea is called ______.

Answer 15

Phlyc Tenular Tuberculosis

Question 16

________ is a form of Tuberculosis when it spreads to the skin.

Answer 16

Scrofuloderma

Question 17

Tuberculosis of the spine is called _______.

Answer 17

Pott’s spine

Question 18

Primary TB occurs commonly in _______ part of the lung whereas Secondary TB commonly occurs in _______ part of the lung.

Answer 18

Primary TB - Lower part of the upper lobe

Secondary TB - Apex of the lung

Question 19

_____ vaccine prevents TB and other Mycobacterial infections. It’s also used in treatment of Bladder cancer.

Answer 19

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine

Question 20

Microscopic finding of multiple Langhans giant cells is called ______

Answer 20

Gohn’s focus (Primary focus)

Question 21

Ghon’s complex comprises of ______, _______ and _________.

Answer 21

Gohn’s focus
Hilar lymphadenopathy
Lymphangitis

Question 22

Gohn’s complex surrounded by calcification is _______.

Answer 22

Gohn’s Lesion

Question 23

If the TB spread above the clavicle, it is called ________ whereas TB spreading below the clavicle is called ________.

Answer 23

Above the clavicle - Simon’s focus
Below the clavicle - Assmann focus

Question 24

Multiple primary focus which shows a Snowstorm appearance is called _______.

Answer 24

Miliary TB

Question 25

_______ focus is a secondary TB focus that develops in the brain.

Answer 25

Rich focus

Question 26

False positive Mantoux test is seen in _______ and _______.

Answer 26

BCG vaccination and Leprosy

Question 27

False negative Mantoux test is seen in ______.

Answer 27

Immunocompromized patients

Question 28

_______ is the investigation of choice for a TB patient with HIV.

Answer 28

Quantiferon test

Question 29

What are the 1st line Anti-Tuberculosis drugs?

Answer 29

Rifampin Isoniazide Pyrazinamide Ethambutol

Question 30

What are the drugs given for Multi drug resistant TB?

Answer 30

Para-aminosalicylic acid Kanamycin Thioacetazone Ofloxacin Azithromycin Augmentin

Question 31

______ is the treatment of choice for Extensive drug resistant Tuberculosis (XDRTB).

Answer 31

Removal of the part of the lung

Question 32

______ is the side effect caused by Rifampin.

Answer 32

Liver Failure

Question 33

_______ is the side effect caused by Isoniazide.

Answer 33

Peripheral Neuritis

Question 34

________ is the side effect caused by Pyrazinamide.

Answer 34

Gout

Question 35

________ is the side effect caused by Ethambutol.

Answer 35

Optic Neuritis

Question 36

_______ is the most common lung infection and _______ is the second most common lung infection in patients with HIV.

Answer 36

Most common - Tuberculosis Second most - Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia)

Question 37

_______ is the most common drug given to patients with Hospital acquired Pneumonia.

Answer 37

Levofloxacin

Question 38

________ disease is also called the Salty baby syndrome.

Answer 38

Cystic Fibrosis

Question 39

Cystic fibrosis is an inherited disease caused by mutations of the ______ gene on chromosome ______.

Answer 39

Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene on chromosome 7

Question 40

Type 1 respiratory failure: ______ pO2 and ______ pCO2.

Answer 40

Low pO2 and normal/low pCO2

Question 41

Type II respiratory failure: ______ pO2 and ______ pCO2.

Answer 41

Low pO2 and High pCO2

Question 42

______ and ______ is seen on Chest X-ray of patients with COPD.

Answer 42

Increased bronchial vascular markings and Flattened diaphragm

Question 43

________ is the standard test for Cystic fibrosis.

Answer 43

Sweat chloride test

Question 44

Most common cause of Bronchiectasis is _______.

Answer 44

Cystic Fibrosis Other causes include - Kartagenar syndrome - Foreign body ingestion - Repeated infections due to low immunity

Question 45

Dry Bronchiectasis is seen in _______.

Answer 45

Secondary TB

Question 46

Central Bronchiectasis is seen in ______.

Answer 46

Aspergilloma

Question 47

________ drug is given to patients with pneumonia for prevention of bronchiectasis.

Answer 47

Tobramycin

Question 48

_______ is the treatment of choice for new born with cystic fibrosis.

Answer 48

Enema

Question 49

Amyloidosis associated with chronic bronchitis is ______ amyloidosis.

Answer 49

AA Amyloidosis Lung diseases characterised by chronic inflammation (e.g. bronchiectasis and cystic fibrosis) can give rise to systemic AA (apolipoprotein serum amyloid A) amyloidosis

Question 50

The most common organ involved in Amyloidosis is _______.

Answer 50

Kidney

Question 51

Most common organ involved in Amyloidosis which causes death is _______.

Answer 51

Heart (Restrictive cardiomyopathy)

Question 52

Investigation of choice for Amyloidosis is _______.

Answer 52

Rectal biopsy with congo red staining Congo red stains amyloid deposits red, while nuclei appear blue. When viewed under polarized light, the amyloid proteins appear apple-green, which is considered a pathognomonic sign of amyloid fibril deposits

Question 53

_____ organism is commonly involved in community acquired pneumonia.

Answer 53

Streptococcus Followed by Klebsiella

Question 54

______ is the most common organism involved in Institutional and Hospital acquired Pneumonia.

Answer 54

Staphylococcus

Question 55

Chocolate color sputum is seen in _____ pneumonia.

Answer 55

Klebsiella pneumonia Also known as Friedlander's pneumonia