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Academic flashcards (nursing) > Pulmonary System (chapter 6) > Flashcards

Pulmonary System (chapter 6) Flashcards

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1
Q

What’s the primary function of the respiratory system?

A

Exchanging gases between the blood and external environment

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2
Q

What does the system do (rr)

A

It works with the cardiovascular system

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3
Q

What is gas exchange

A

Constant supply of oxygen where carbon dioxide wastes must be removed

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4
Q

Three major parts of the respiratory system

A

Airway
Lungs
Muscles of the respiratory

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5
Q

Organs of the respiratory system

A

-Nasal/Oral cavities
-Pharynx
-Larynx
-Trachea
-Bronchi + Bronchioles
-Lungs

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6
Q

Describe the upper respiratory tract

A

Air enters the nasal cavity, where its warmed, filtered & moistened. They pass through the pharynx (throat) then the larynx (voice box)

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7
Q

How is the nasal cavity

A

Divided into 2 cavities by the nasal system lined with ciliated mucosa network of thin walled veins under the surface that warms passing air.

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8
Q

What’s the ciliated mucosa

A

Lines the rr tract that traps dust, mold and other contaminants — the cilia sweeps particles toward the pharynx to be swallowed

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9
Q

What’s the pharynx

A

Throat; an area which passes behind the nose and mouth

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10
Q

What are the 3 sections of the throat

A

-Nasopharynx
-Oropharynx
-Laryngopharynx

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11
Q

How is the air averted

A

It’s pushed away from the esophagus by the epiglottis

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12
Q

What’s the epiglottis

A

A flap of cartilage at the superior end of the larynx that covers the airway when swallowing

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13
Q

The function of the epiglottis is to-

A

swallow, it bending downward to cover the airway

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14
Q

What’s the larynx

A

Voicebox; houses the vocal cords (protects)

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15
Q

The function of the larynx is to-

A

hold the vocal cords, composed of 8 ridgid pieces of cartilage. inferior to the pharynx

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16
Q

What are the vocal cords
How do they produce sound

A

These are folds of mucous membrane (of the larynx) vibrate with exhaled air to form sounds

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17
Q

Describe the lower respiratory tract

A

Air travels through the trach. (windpipe) This divides into 2 primary brunch lungs are air sacs that exchange gases with the environment

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18
Q

What’s the trachea

A

Windpipe; part of the airway between the pharynx and bronchi, supported with c-shaped ringed cartilage, making it out to 10-12 cm long. This is anterior to the esophagus

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19
Q

What cells are found in the lining of the trachea

A

The ciliated epithelial cells are the lining, contributing to cleansing incoming air

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20
Q

3 characteristics of air EXITING the trachea

A

-warmed
-cleansed
-humidified

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21
Q

What’s the bronchi

A

main branches of the trachea which carry air to the lungs
-This divides to right and left, breaking out into smaller branches

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22
Q

What are facts about the anatomy of the lungs

A

-Large, soft & spongy
-Fills the thoracic cavity
-Right side has 3 lobes & left has 2

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23
Q

Visceral pleura

A

membrane that covers the surface of each lung

24
Q

Parietal pleura

A

membrane that line the thoracic cavity

25
Q

What are the terminal bronchioles

A

Smaller branches less than 0.5mm in diameter that lead to the end in clusters of air sacs

26
Q

What are those individual air sacs known as

A

the Alveolus

27
Q

Where does this occur and how is it surrounded

A

This occurs in the alveoli, surrounded by a network of capillaries

28
Q

What’s the alveoli

A

Gas exchange; thin-walled air sacs that make the bulk of lung tissue

28
Q

Internal respiration

A

exchanging gases between blood & tissue cells

29
Q

How does gas exchange occur

A

simple diffusion through the rr membrane

29
Q

Pulmonary ventilation

A

Breaths; air moving in & out the lungs

29
Q

Respiratory gas transport

A

O2 & CO2 transport by bloodstream

29
Q

External respiration

A

exchanging gases between the alveoli & blood

30
Q

Process before movement of gases happens during breathing

A

volume change -> pressure change -> movement of gases

31
Q

2 phases of breathing

A

Inspiration and Expiration

32
Q

Inspiration

A

increase of size in thoracic cavity, reduce intrapulmonary pressure

33
Q

Expiration

A

decrease of size in thoracic cavity, increase intrapulmonary pressure

34
Q

Nonrespiratory air movements

A

-sneeze
-cough
-crying
-laughs
-hiccups
-yawning

35
Q

Respiratory capacity

A

how much air moves into & out the lungs under different conditions

36
Q

Vital capacity

A

the total amount of air that can be exchanged
(how much you’re able to breath in & out)

37
Q

Sounds you can hear through stethoscope

A

Bronchial & Vesicular

38
Q

Bronchial

A

rushing air sound in the trachea & bronchi

39
Q

Vesicular

A

soft and muffled sounds from the thorax

40
Q

How is the rr gases transported

A

From the Alveolus, they pick up O2, diffusing out the blood and dropping off CO2/wastes diffusing into the blood

41
Q

How is our rr controlled

A

Our brain tells us when to breath

42
Q

Influence rr

A

Physical activity
Our conscious
Emotional health
Chemical poisoning

43
Q

What is asthma

A

lung disease that causes inflammation of the airway
TX: inhaler for wheeze or sob and bronchodilator* (important)

44
Q

What is acute bronchitis

A

inflammation of the bronchial tubes, mainly caused by virus

45
Q

What is COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)

A

-Chronic bronchitis is long-term recurring bronchitis
-Emphysema is the lung condition by the loss of elasticity in alveoli

46
Q

What is cystic fibrosis

A

an inherited disease or malfunction to the mucus cells & other body fluids

47
Q

What is pneumonia

A

common lung infection by a bacteria, virus, or fungus, filling with fluid or pus to the alveoli

48
Q

What is TB (tuberculosis)

A

a contagious infection to the lungs by bacteria (common within ages of 15-30)

49
Q

What is lung cancer

A

common tumor to the lungs mainly caused by smoking or other conditions

50
Q

infant lungs

A

fetal lungs are filled with fluid when born (average rr is 40-80)

51
Q

RR distress syndrome

A

Born before 37 weeks, developing RR distress due to surfactant

52
Q

changes in rr when we age

A

chest walls become rigid, losing elasticity (vitals decrease by 1/3)

Academic flashcards (nursing) (1 decks)

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