pulmonary stuff Flashcards
what do type II cells do
cells produce pulmonary surfactant:
Decreases surface tension in alveoli
Makes it easier to inflate alveoli during inspiration
Prevents collapse during expiration
ventilation
– movement of air in and out of the lungs
perfusion
– Movement/flow of blood
diffusion
movement of gases across the pulmonary membrane
Occurs from area of high concentration to low concentration
alveolar diffusion is affected by
Surface area
Thickness of alveolar capillary membrane (AC)
Partial pressure of gases
Solubility of the gas (CO2 diffuses across a/c membrane 20 times faster than O2)
Normal ventilation (V)
Normal Perfusion (Q)
Everything working correctly
normal unit
Perfusion > Ventilation
Blood passes alveolus without gas exchange.
Pneumonia, Atelectasis, tumor, mucus plug.
shunt unit
Ventilation > Perfusion
Does not participate in gas exchange
Pulmonary embolism
Pulmonary infarction
deadspace unit
signs and symptoms of hypoxemia
Tachypnea, Hyperventilation, Dyspnea
Use of accessory muscles/abdominal breathing
Cool, pale, clammy, skin, cyanosis
Restlessness, agitation, irritability, confusion, personality changes, ↓ LOC
Tachycardia, hypertension (systolic), palpitations, chest pain, dysrhythmias
Which part of an ABG tells us the patient’s ventilation status?
- PaCO2
- HCO3-
- PaO2 & SaO2
- pH
- PaCO2
if PaCO2 is too high whats happening
the patient is not moving enough air (decreased ventilation or hypoventilation).
if PaCO2 is too low whats happening
the patient is moving too much air (hyperventilation).
signs and symptoms of hypercapnia
Same as hypoxemia
Headache, drowsiness, ↓ LOC, blurred vision, confusion, seizures
Flushed, clammy skin
normal pH
7.35 – 7.45
normal PaCO2
35-45 mm Hg
