Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CPR Exam 2 > Pulmonary Pathology Part 6 > Flashcards

Pulmonary Pathology Part 6 Flashcards

1
Q

What are some causes of infections rhinitis/sinusitis?

A
  • Rhinovirus, coronavirus, adenovirus, echovirus

- S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What kind of secretions are in bacterial rhinitis/sinusitis?

A
  • Thick, purulent
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What kind of secretions are in viral rhinitis/sinusitis?

A
  • Clear
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is can cause allergic rhinitis/sinusitis?

A
  • A variety of allergens that are inhaled

- Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction (inflammatory infiltrate with eosinophils)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What can chronic rhinitis/sinusitis cause?

A
  • Inflammatory sinonasal polyps
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What do inflammatory sinonasal polyps look like?

A
  • Edema in stroma and eosinophilic infiltrates
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are some unique aspects of sinusitis?

A
  • There can be obstruction due to empyema or mucocele

- Infection can travel through the periapical flora in the mouth and into the maxillary sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is allergic fungal sinusitis?

A
  • Hypersensitivity reaction fto fungal organisms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What do we see histologically in allergic fungal sinusitis?

A
  • Allergic mucin
  • Fungal hyphae
  • +/- mycetoma (fungal ball)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is active invasive sinusitis?

A
  • Typically occurs in diabetics or immunocompromised patients
  • Often zygomycosis species
  • Emergent situation requiring IV antifungal therapy to prevent extension into brain or sepsis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is granulomatosis with polyangiitis?

A
  • Typically in middle aged adults
  • Can cause ulceration, necrosis, and perforation of the nasal septum
  • Can also affect lungs and kidneys
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What do we see on histology for granulomatosis with polyangiitis?

A
  • Granulomatous inflammation/vasculitis

- Classic “necrobiotic” necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is nasopharyngeal angiofibroma?

A
  • Nasopharyngeal polypoid mass
  • Occurs in young men
  • Benign, but may recur and bleed
  • Associated with FAP
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is FAP?

A
  • An inherited mutation in the APC gene

- Numerous colon polyps develop in childhood and adolescence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is sinonasal (schneiderian) papilloma?

A
  • Occurs in middle aged men more than women

- Three types

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the three types of sinonasal papilloma?

A
  • Exophytic
  • Endophytic
  • Oncocytic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the worst type of sinonasal papilloma?

A
  • Endophytic due to inward growth

- Has a high rate of recurrence but a minority of cases progress to malignancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is olfactory neuroblastoma?

A
  • Called “small round blue cell tumor”
  • Arises from neuroectoderm in the superior nasal passage
  • Can grow through the cribriform plate and into the cranial cavity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the peak ages for olfactory neuroblastoma?

A
  • Adolescence

- Middle age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is nasopharyngeal carcinoma?

A
  • Essentially squamous carcinoma

- Arises in nasopharynx but majority of cases present in the neck (lymph node metastasis)

21
Q

What are the risk factors for nasopharyngeal carcinoma?

A
  • Hereditary
  • Age
  • EBV
22
Q

Who is most affected by nasopharyngeal carcinoma?

A
  • Chinese/southeast asian adults (ingestion of smoked fish with nitrosamines, EBV)
  • Young african children (EBV)
23
Q

What is extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma?

A
  • Increased incidence in Asia and Latin America for any age
  • Can cause necrotic destruction of paranasal sinuses
  • Prognosis is variable depending on signs and symptoms
24
Q

What are the systemic signs of extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma?

A
  • Fever
  • Night sweats
  • Weight loss
25
Q

What are vocal cord nodules?

A
  • Called “singers nodules”
  • Expansion of the soft tissue underlying the vocal cord
  • Grossly, soft and translucent
26
Q

What does a vocal cord nodule look like on histology?

A
  • Edema and loose stroma underlie benign squamous epithelium
27
Q

What is a laryngeal squamous papilloma?

A
  • Benign squamous neoplasm with papillary appearance
28
Q

What does laryngeal squamous papilloma have a strong association with?

A
  • HPV 6 and 11

- Could be solitary or with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis

29
Q

What does laryngeal squamous papilloma look like grossly?

A

Friable papillary masses

30
Q

What does laryngeal squamous papilloma look like histologically?

A
  • Benign or mildly atypical squamous epithelium with multiple papillae
31
Q

What is recurrent respiratory papillomatosis?

A
  • Typically in children and adolescents
  • Associated with HPV 6 and 11 thought to be acquired during birth
  • Can diffusely involve lungs
  • Malignant progression in <1%
32
Q

What are some high associations with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis?

A
  • Mother <20
  • Vaginal delivery
  • First born
33
Q

What is laryngeal carcinoma?

A
  • Squamous carcinoma

- Most commonly seen in men >60

34
Q

What are the strong associations in laryngeal carcinoma?

A
  • Smoking
  • Alcohol
  • HPV infection
35
Q

What is the correlation between smoking and alcohol and laryngeal carcinoma?

A
  • Extreme synergistic effect
36
Q

What organisms can cause otitis media?

A
  • S. pneumoniae
  • M. catarrhalis
  • H. influenzae
37
Q

What organism can cause otitis media in diabetics?

A
  • P. aeruginosa
38
Q

What is cholesteatoma?

A
  • Cystic lesion that arises in chronic otitis media

- Reactive process, not a neoplasm, but can enlarge and erode adjacent bone

39
Q

What is a cholesteatoma lined with?

A
  • Benign squamous epithelium with trapped keratin debris
40
Q

What is otosclerosis?

A
  • Abnormal bony deposition, typically at the stapedial footplate
  • Appears familial with an AD inheritance pattern but really unknown
41
Q

What happens in otosclerosis?

A
  • Conductive hearing loss is the primary complication
42
Q

Who is most likely to have a branchial cyst?

A
  • Young adults
43
Q

Where does a branchial cyst come from?

A
  • 2nd branchial arch
44
Q

What does a branchial cyst look like?

A
  • Simple cyst lined by stratified squamous or respiratory epithelium with surrounding fibrous tissue
45
Q

What is a thyroglossal duct cyst?

A
  • Remnant nests of tissue from thyroid migration with cystic change
46
Q

What is a carotid body tumor?

A
  • Neural crest origin
  • Arises from autonomic paraganglia
  • May arise sporadically
47
Q

What is a carotid body tumor associated with?

A
  • MEN-2
48
Q

What is the prognosis and mortality of a carotid body tumor?

A
  • Prognosis: 15-40% will be malignant

- Fatality may be linked to metastasis or local invasion

CPR Exam 2 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions