Pulmonary Pathology Flashcards
PULMONARY EDEMA
HEMODYNAMIC PE, b/c alv-cap membrane is intact
Location: alveolus
Interstitium is thickened
Fluid in alveolar spaces
ADENOCARCINOMA
Glandular proliferation w/abnormal cells
Lesion destroys normal lung architecture
ASTHMA
Inflammatory cells (eosinophils) in an airway
Thickened basement membrane
Mucus plugging
HEMOSIDERIN-LADEN MØ
Location: alveolar spaces
Causes: chronic passive congestion and outflow obstruction
HEALED TB
Location: apex of the lung
Note: there is also an emphysematous area to the left of the TB scar
CHRONIC INTERSTITIAL INFLAMMATION
Location: alveolus
DDx: infection, interstitial lung disease
NORMAL AIRWAY
Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium
ACUTE INFLAMMATION
Location: alveolar spaces
Cause: pneumonia
CENTRAL MALIGNANCY:
Consistent with: Squamous cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, large cell carcinoma (50% are central)
NON-NECROTIZING GRANULOMAS AND GIANT CELLS
Possible causes: hypersensitivity pneumonitis, fungal, sarcoid, aspiration, mycobacterial disease (esp. in acute phase)
HONEYCOMB LUNG
HYALINE MEMBRANES
Early (exudative) phase of ARDS
BRONCHOPNEUMONIA
BRONCHIECTASIS
If isolated: most likely in right lower lobe
Causes: aspiration, foreign body, tumor
SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA
Features: keratinization, intercellular cross-bridges
BRONCHOPNEUMONIA
Features: airway filled w/inflammatory cells that are spreading to contiguous alveoli
NORMAL ALVEOLUS
HIGH-GRADE NEUROENDOCRINE TUMOR
Salt and pepper chromatin
GRANULOMAS, FIBROSIS
Causes: sarcoid, healed histoplasmosis
GOHN COMPLEX
Lung lesion + draining lymph node
INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASE
Widened alveolar septae
Intact alveolar framework
Causes: atypical pneumonia, hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Note: not a good picture for UIP b/c interstitium is inflammatory here
CHRONIC BRONCHITIS
CARCINOID TUMOR
Low-grade neuroendocrine tumor
Most occur centrally
Uniform cells
EMPHYSEMA
CALCIFIED GRANULOMA
Causes: TB, sarcoid, fungal
LOWER LOBE ABSCESS
LATE ARDS: FIBROPROLIFERATIVE PHASE
MESOTHELIOMA
Pleural-based tumor related to asbestos exposure
Features of asbestosis: interstitial fibrosis, diaphragm plaques, pleural effusions, pleural fibrosis
NECROTIZING GRANULOMA
Causes: TB, Fungal
Should be cultured to determine causative organism
EMPHYSEMA
SOLITARY FIBROUS TUMOR
Benign-behaving
Relatively well-circumscribed
White, whorled
Soft tissue-like
CAVITATION
Compatible with: aspergilloma, aspergillus, fungal infections, TB
ADENOCARCINOMA
Mass at the periphery
Most common tumor subtype in non-smokers
More commen in women
EMPHYSEMA
Location: apex
Cause: smoking
HAMARTOMA
Most common benign-behaving lung lesion
Mesenchymal in origin
ASTHMA
Thickened basement membranes
Smooth muscle proliferation
Goblet cells
CENTRAL TUMOR + BRONCHIECTASIS, POST-OBSTRUCTIVE PNEUMONIA
Most likely squamous cell carcinoma
Could be small cell, but that usually presents as extensive metastatic disease, and this is a resected specimen
PASSIVE CONGESTION
No pulmonary edema or acute inflammation
LOBAR PNEUMONIA
GRANULOMA
MUCUS PLUG
Possible cause: chronic bronchitis
HAMARTOMA
Location: periphery
Well-circumscribed, appears to pop up from the surface
ACUTE PASSIVE CONGESTION
Red, wet, heavy lungs
May be an early phase of ARDS
If more chronic process, would be rusty color
ADENOCARCINOMA IN SITU
Left: picket fence proliferation
Right: mucinous type
CARCINOID TUMOR
Polypoid lesion in an airway
Well-circumscribed, cherry-red lesion
Usually centrally located
Low-grade neuroendocrine tumor
HONEYCOMB LUNG, PLEURAL COBBLESTONING
Location: Lower lobe
Cause: IPF
This same picture in the upper lobe would be more characteristic of emphysema caused by smoking
BRONCHIECTASIS IN CYSTIC FIBROSIS
Location: upper lobe
ASTHMA
Airway filled with eosinophils
Thickened basement membrane
NECROSIS, INFLAMMATION
DDx: infection, granuloma, etc.
ARDS
Organizing
Diffuse fibrosis
BRONCHIECTASIS
Dilated, tortuous airway
Mucus plug
DIFFUSE INTERSTITIAL INFLAMMATION
Causes: viral pneumonia, connective tissue disease, hypersensitivity pneumonitis
FATAL ASTHMA
Hyperinflated and atelectatic areas
Lots of air trapping
HONEYCOMBING OF ADVANCED SARCOID
Location: upper and middle lobes
ASPIRATION
LARGE CELL CARCINOMA
Cells w/prominent nucleoli
ASTHMA
Goblet cell metaplasia
Thickened basement membrane
SCATTERED GRANULOMAS
Causes: TB, fungal infections, mycobacterial disease
Neutrophils and necrosis in the alveolar spaces
DDx: bacterial pneumonia, aspiration pneumonia, early phase of TB, fungal pneumonia
