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Parasitology > Pulmonary Parasitoses > Flashcards

Pulmonary Parasitoses Flashcards

1
Q

Two classification of Lesion

A

Focal and Diffuse

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2
Q

What are the types of Focal Lesions

A

Cystic
Coin
Consolidation / Pleural Effusion

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3
Q

What are the types of Diffuse Lesions

A

Transient Infiltrates

Alveolar and Interstitial Changes

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4
Q

What causes hydatidosis

A

Echinococcus granulosus

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5
Q

What is the common name pf Echinococcus granulosus

A

Smallest (dog) worm

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6
Q

What type of Worm is the causative agent of hydatidosis

A

Cestode

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7
Q

What are the host of the Echinococcus granulosus

A

Definitive host: dog
Intermediate host: sheep, goat, swine
Accidental host: human

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8
Q

What is the clinical Manifestation of Hydatidosis

A

The cystic lesion will cause Mass effect, pushing organs in the chest cavity. This will cause DOB, Cx pain, pleural irritation.
Also, the fluid inside the lesion is very anaphylactic

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9
Q

What could be found in the CXR of a lung infected by Echinococcus granulosus

A

Water lily sign

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10
Q

How will you treat Hydatidosis

A

Surgical excision, however because the fluid is very anaphylactic so instead do PAIR.
PUNCTURE ASPIRATION INJECTION REASPIRATION.

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11
Q

What is the drug of choice for Hydatidosis

A

Albendazole/ praziquantel

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12
Q

What is the type of lesion caused by Echinococcus granulosus

A

Cystic lesion

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13
Q

What is the causative agent of dirofilariasis

A

Dirofilaria immitis

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14
Q

What type of lesion does the dirofilariasis cause

A

Coin lesion

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15
Q

What is the common name of dirofilaria immitis

A

Dog heartworm

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16
Q

Discuss the stages of the life cycle of Dirofilaria immitis

A

The diagnostic stage of D. immitis are the adults that produce microfilariae found on the peripheral blood smear of the dog. Then a mosquito takes a blood meal on the dog. The L3 larvae is the infective stage which is the one that is transmitted to humans

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17
Q

Among the Focal lesion causing Pulmonary parasites, which is vector-borne?

A

Dirofilaria immitis

18
Q

In the CXR of the lungs infected by dirofilariasis what could be seen?

A

Coin lesion, around 1-3 cm in diameter with a necrotic center

19
Q

How do you manage dirofilariasis

A

Surgical excision

20
Q

Aside from surgical excision of the tumor caused by dirofilariasis, what should be done?

A

Biopsy the nodule to rule out Malignancy

21
Q

What are the two pulmonary parasites causing consolidation or pleural effusion

A

Pulmonary amoebiasis and Pulmonary paragonimiasis

22
Q

Long term affectation of pulmonary amoeba causeswhat

A

Consolidation

23
Q

Short term affectation of pulmonary amoebiasis causeswhat

A

Cystic lesion

24
Q

What causes the pulmonary amoebiasis

A

Entamoeba histolytica

25
Q

What are the ways to contract pulmonary amoebiasis

A

1- direct extension form amebic liver

2- lymphatic hematogenous psread

26
Q

What is the normal route of entamoeba

A

Intestine - liver - lungs

27
Q

Most commonly affected lobe of the lung in pulmonary amoebiasis

A

Lower, middle lobe of right lung

28
Q

What is the distinct characteristic of pulmonary amoebiasis

A

Anchovy sauce- like sputum

29
Q

Cxr: cystic abscess with empyema

A

Pulmonary amoebiasis

30
Q

What is the therapeutic management pf pulmonary amoebiasis

A

Metronidazole/tinidazole

Diloxanide/ paromycin

31
Q

What is the first drug of choice for all protozoal infections

A

Metronidazole

32
Q

What are the areas in our country that is identified as endemic areas of paragonimus westermani

A

Mindoro, camarines, sorsogon, samar, leyte. Zamboanga del norte, davao, davao oriental, cotabato, basilan

33
Q

What type of worm is paragonimus

A

Trematode

34
Q

What is the common name of paragonimus westermani

A

Oriental lung fluke

35
Q

Distinct characteristics of paragonimus westermani

A

Ovoid, possess oral and bentral sucker, hemaphroditic, 1lobed ovary, 2branching testes

36
Q

What are the two intermediate hostof paragonimus westermani

A

1- snails: jagora, antemelania asperata, dactylus

2- crabs / crayfish: Sundathelphusa philippina

37
Q

What is the infective stage of P. Westermani

A

Metacarciae

38
Q

Excystation of p. Westermani happens where

A

Duodenum

39
Q

Where does the reproduction of p. Westrmani happens

A

Lings

40
Q

Discuss the life cycle of p. Westermani

A

Once outside the sputum or stool, it embryonates in the water. The ova containing unembryonated germ cells would become the larva. They would then become MIRACIDIA inside a host egg and once it hatches, they will look for their first intermediate host: jagora, antemelania, dactylus. Then will become CERCARIAE that will infect the second intermediate host: Sundathelphusa philippina .

Parasitology (3 decks)

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