Pulmonary Oedema Flashcards
1
Q
What is Pulmonary Oedema?
A
Accumulation of fluid in the lungs
2
Q
What is the pathology?
A
Increased fluid in alveolar and interstitial spaces often due to LVF causing increased pressure in pulmonary vasculature
Leads to leakage of fluid into interstitium
3
Q
What are the common causes?
A
Increased capillary pressure
- cardio- LVF, VSD, valve disease
- pulmonary venous obstruction
Increased capillary permeability
- infection- pnuemonia/sepsis
- acute resp distress syndrome
- DIC
Lymphatic obstruction- tumour
PE
Neurogenic- raised ICP
4
Q
What are the symptoms?
A
Dyspnoea Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea Orthopnoea- many pillows at night Frothy and blood tinted sputum Anxiety and perspiration Cheyne- Stokes breathing= cycle of apnoea and hyperventilation
5
Q
What are the signs?
A
Tachypnoea Tachycardia with gallop rhythm Raised JVP Peripheral shut down Hypotension in severe cases Decreased sats Widespread crackle and wheeze
6
Q
What investigations are needed?
A
ABG
- type 1 resp failure
- leads to type 2 resp failure
Bloods
-FBC, U&Es, CRP, D dimer
CXR
- diffuse haziness
- pleural effusions
- cardiomegaly
ECG and ECHO for cardiac cause
7
Q
What is the treatment?
A
100% oxygen IV diamorphine IV furosemide GTN spray- 2 puffs If SBP>100 then IV nitrates If SBP <100 then cardiogenic shock- may need ICU Monitor fluid balance
Consider CPAP and ionotropes
