Pulmonary Infections Flashcards
CAP protective mechanism
nasal turbinates, epiglottis, cough, mucin, cilia
CAP patient predisposing factors
viral URI, cold weather, elderly (swallowing), immunocomprimised/chronic disease, influenza, smoking, EtOH/sedatives
Pathogenesis of CAP
transmitted via aspiration (respiratory droplets)- inhalation. Can come from nasopharyngeal flora (bacterial forms), microdroplets from other people (most viruses/TB), dust particles (fungi, nocardia) and other environmental particles (water- LEGIONELLA)
Most common cause of CAP
S. pneumoniae (40%)
Types of atypical pneumonia
mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydia pneumoniae, legionella pneumophila
When is legionella pneumophila prevalent?
elderly, smokers, immunocomprimised (THIS IS WATER BORNE)
Which lung is most common to develop pneumonia?
RLL (and its due to mouth flora)
Legionella Pneumo symptoms
minimal sputum, headache, confusion, abdominal pain, n/v, diarrhea, LFTs (HAS A HIGH MORTALITY RATE)
Tx of Legionella Pneumo
azithro
Dx of Legionella Pneumo
urine antigen
CAP signs and symptoms
acute- develops in 24-48 hrs. Cough, Pleuritic chest pain, Rigor, SOB
CAP Cough
purulent vs nonpurulent, color of sputum, frequency
CAP Pleuritic chest pain
chest pain made worse during inspiration. Indicated inflammation of the pleura. May be a/ pleural effusion.
CAP Rigor
involunatary shaking, INDICATES BACTEREMIA
Rigor is common in which etiology of CAP?
S. pneumo, also seen in S. aureus pneumo
CAP SOB
worrisome symptom, RR >30, one of the indicators for severity and hospital admission. Caused by V/Q mismatch. Best assessed by O2 saturation and ABG
CAP physical findings
Bad prognostic findings: RR >30, BP 125, Temp 40
